Recombinant E. coli

Insulin, interferon Recombinant E. coli Baker s yeast Human therapy... 

Tang, Q., Harrata, A. K., Lee, C. S. (1997). Two-dimensional analysis of recombinant E. coli proteins using capillary isoelectric focusing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 69(16), 3177-3182. 

Ema, T., Yagasaki, H., Okita, N. et al. (2006) Asymmetric reduction of ketones using recombinant E. coli cells that produce a versatile carbonyl reductase with high enantioselectivity and broad substrate specificity. Tetrahedron, 62 (26), 6143-6149. 

Ema, T., Okita, N., Ide, S. and Sakai, T. (2007) Highly enantioselective and efficient synthesis of methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate with recombinant E. coli toward practical and green access to clopidogrel. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 5 (8), 1175-1176. 

Rustler, S., Muller, A., Windeisen, V. et al. (2007) Conversion of mandelonitrile and phenylglycinenitrile by recombinant E. coli cells synthesizing a nitrilase from Pseudomonasfluorescens EBC191. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40, 598-606. 

S)-2,2-Dimethyl-cyclopro-panecarbox-amide 13 Cilastatin Dehydropeptide inhibitor Hydrolysis Comononas acidivorans and recombinant E. coli One-pot, two-step processes [7]... 

PHAs consisting of 4HB are other examples which can be synthesized from simple, unrelated carbon sources. Recombinant strains of E. coli expressing phaCRe and orfZ from Clostridium kluyveri synthesized poly(3HB-co-4HB) or even poly(4HB) homopolyester if 4-hydroxybutyrate was used as carbon source [90]. When additional succinate degradation genes from C. kluyveri were expressed in the recombinant E. coli, poly(3HB-co-4HB) with a low content of 4HB was synthesized from glucose [118]. 

Even though high P(3HB) concentration could be obtained by recombinant E. coli, the P(3HB) productivity was lower than that of A. latus. Since A. latus... 

Fig. 2. Time profiles of cell dry weight, P(3HB) concentration and the content during the fed-batch culture of recombinant E. coli XLl-Blue(pJC4) (reproduced from [48] with permission)...

A mutant E. coli strain LS5218 (fadR atoC) was employed for the synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer since this mutant strain constitutively expresses the enzymes involved in the transport and utilization of short chain fatty acids [58, 59]. P(3HB-co-3HV) could be synthesized by a recombinant E. coli strain LS5218 harboring the R. eutropha PHA biosynthesis genes when propionic acid or valeric acid was added as a cosubstrate [58,60]. The P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer consisting of up to 40 mol% of 3HV could be produced. An alternative method that allowed synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) using propionic acid or valeric... 

Fig. 3. Process flowsheet for P(3HB) production by recombinant E. coli with the recovery method of NaOH digestion...

There has also been a report on the production of P(3HB-co-3HV) in a recombinant E. coli by supplementing a small amount of amino acid. When 1 mmol/1 valine was added to 1 % glucose medium, recombinant E. coli incorporated 3HV up to 2.5 mol %. When 1 mmol/1 threonine was added as well, the 3HV monomer up to 4 mol% could be incorporated [63]. 

Fig. 5. PHA biosynthesis pathway in recombinant E. coli synthesizing novel PHA with various monomers...

Table 2. Summary of PHA production by various recombinant E. coli strains... 

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