Reasoning techniques

Watson I. Applying case-based reasoning techniques for enterprising systems. San Francisco Morgan Kaufmann, 1997. 

The relevant authorities and remediation companies of many industrialized countries have made numerous efforts to develop and establish efficient and reasonable techniques for the cleanup of contaminated sites with explosives. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was the most widely produced and used explosive... 

Another more arbitrary but equally reasonable technique is to choose a single reaction as a model typical of the processes under consideration. The results from study of this reference reaction then could be employed to define the parameters for the substituent groups in other similar reactions. Thus, Hammett (1940) selected the ionization equilibria for substituted benzoic acids in water as a reference reaction and Taft (1956) employed the ionization equilibria of 4-substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-l-carboxylic acids (Roberts and Moreland, 1953) for evaluating the inductive e-constants. The constants so defined are invariant. The validity of this scheme is measured by the agreement between the predictions of the reference reaction and the actual systems under study. 

Using out-of-plane potentials. This is probably the most reasonable technique from those available in older programs but it is not very intuitive and it does not allow for the constraint of specific tetrahedral twist angles. 

Because the safety profiles defined by safety pharmacology studies can have a significant impact on the successful development of new therapeutic agents, it is important that the techniques and assays used in safety pharmacology studies minimize the occurrence of false negative and false positive results. For this reason, techniques that provide direct measures of respiratory parameters should be used. A direct measure is one that provides the endpoint of interest, in contrast to an indirect measure that provides a surrogate endpoint,... 

The system s inference engine offers one of the largest sets of reasoning techniques. Besides forward and backward chaining, examples are as follows ... 

Interference spectra can be used to follow the photopolymerisation process [44]. Its photokinetic examinations are troublesome [202,203], since, besides the oligomers, some other components exist as inhibitors in the technical ocesses. In addition, the abscxbances of these polymers do not exhibit characteristic spectra. For this reason, techniques other than UVA is-spectroscopy such as FT-IR-spectroscopy are preferred [ M] to monitor the progress of the photopolymerisation. 

HAZOP has much in common with SWIFT and FME(C)A, each of which employ an inductive reasoning technique. However HAZOP, as a consequence of its origins, lends itself to the analysis of process and in particular continuous processes. HAZOP also differs from FMEA in that the analytical team looks at unwanted outcomes and conditions and works back to possible causes and failure modes, whereas FMEA starts by identifying failure modes [10]. 

Friedler, F. Taijan, K. Huang, Y.W. and Fan, L.T., 1992, Graph-theoretic approach to process synthesis axioms and theorems, Chem. Eng. Sci., 47(8), 1973-1988. Watson, I., 1997, Applying case-based reasoning techniques for enterprise systems, Morgan Kaufinan Publishers, INC. 

Watson, I.D., 1997. Applying Case-Based Reasoning Techniques for Enterprise Systems. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA. 

Architectures supported by this approach are characterized by reasoning techniques to decide actions to follow by robot based on a model the environment, and involve structures of reasoning... 

Deliberative Approach Corresponds to the approach that supports the architectures whose reasoning techniques to decide the aetions to be followed by the robot, are based on a model of the environment and need a high level of reasoning structures to deal with navigation of high complexity requirements. 

The inputs to ASP are the description of a communications system, environmentai information (noise environment, giobai position, etc.), and the anaiysis goais, that is what kind of information should be the final result of the analysis run. ASP then uses Case-Based Reasoning techniques to generate an analysis plan. An analysis plan represents the set of actions that must be taken to realize the analysis goals specified. The actions are analyses that must be sequenced, combined and run. After the analysis plan is generated it is evaluated and stored in a Case Memory. If the analysis plan fails it is identified as an error and stored as a failure. If it succeeds, it is executed and the results are presented to the engineer. 

---