Real-time preconcentration, organically

In designing a preconcentration scheme to operate in real time, consideration must be given to kinetic factors involved in the preconcentration step. In general, any preconcentration step will alter the trace metal s chemical equilibrium and will involve a time-dependent reaction or mass-transfer step. Of those species likely to be affected during preconcentration, the most thermodynamically and kinetically stable are typically the organically bound forms. Organically bound copper has been carefully studied and provides the best example. 

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