Read-Shockley formula

Consequently, as the dislocation cores get more closely spaced with increasing tilt angle, the well-coupled regions get smaller and smaller. Indeed, using the Read-Shockley formula together with the observed size of the cores, one... 

The Read-Shockley formula for the energy, E, of a low-angle GB considers the stress field and the core energy of the dislocations. 

G is the pair-generating function already defined in that connection, and U is a genered recombination function. For U we take the Shockley - Read singlerecombination-center formula (Shockley and Read, 1952) in the trap-free case ... 

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