Reactivity table

Although the proportion of nitric acid present as nitronium ions does not change between 90% and 100% sulphuric acid, the rate constants for nitration of most compounds decrease over this rai e. Fig. 2.1 illustrates the variation with acidity of the second-order rate constants of the nitration of a series of compounds of widely differing reactivities. Table 2.4 lists the results for nitration in 95% and 100% acid of a selection of less completely investigated compounds. 

Chemistry in three dimensions is known as stereochemistry At its most fundamental level stereochemistry deals with molecular structure at another level it is concerned with chemical reactivity Table 7 2 summarizes some basic definitions relating to molec ular structure and stereochemistry... 

In Eq. (10-17), parameters a and b measure the sensitivity of the reaction to these nucleophilic parameters. Since H measures proton basicity and En the electron-donation ability, this treatment models nucleophilicity as a combination of electron loss and electron pair donation. The Edwards equation is thus an oxibase scale of nucleophilic reactivity. Table 10-5 summarizes the nucleophilic parameters. 

Although each of these cyclic siloxane monomers can be polymerized separately to synthesize the respective homopolymers, in practice they are primarily used to modify and further improve some specific properties of polydimethylsiloxanes. The properties that can be changed or modified by the variations in the siloxane backbone include the low temperature flexibility (glass transition temperature, crystallization and melting behavior), thermal, oxidation, and radiation stability, solubility characteristics and chemical reactivity. Table 9 summarizes the effect of various substituents on the physical properties of resulting siloxane homopolymers. The... 

Table 10.6 is an approximate listing of groups in order of SnI and Sn2 reactivity. Table 10.7 shows the main reactions that proceed by the Sn2 mechanism (if R = primary or, often, secondary alkyl) Table 10.8 shows the main reactions that proceed by the tetrahedral mechanism. 

If you are certain that NO water-reactive substances are present, then go to Question 10. If you are uncertain as to whether a material is water reactive, a chemist or other expert should be consulted or a simple test can be performed. For fire protection purposes, a material is considered water reactive if a gas or at least 30 cal/g of heat is generated when it is mixed with water (NFPA 704 2001), using a two-drop mixing calorimeter (Hofelich et al. 1994). Table 3.4 indicates some chemical categories susceptible to water reactivity. Table 3.5 lists some materials that react with water. These are not exhaustive lists. 

The nitronates derived from secondary nitroalkanes suffer from greatly decreased reactivity (Table 2.33). The reaction of the silyl nitronate of methyl nitromalonate with methyl acrylate proceeds in 96 h at room temperamre (entry 1), while the corresponding monosubstituted nitronate (85) proceeds in 1 h (entry 5, Table 2.32) (16). Nitronates with dialkyl substitution typically require elevated temperatures for complete reaction (101). For example, the silyl nitronate of 2-nitropropane and nitrocyclopentane both react in under 3 h at 50 °C in acetonitrile... 

Liquefied petroleum gas is primarily propane but generally also contains significant amounts of olefins, which increase its reactivity substantially (Table 16.14). For example, LPG in the Los Angeles area contains about 2 mol% of alkenes whereas that in Mexico City contains almost 5% (Blake and Rowland, 1995). Hence while it is a significant improvement over gasoline in terms of reactivity (Tables 16.10 and 16.11), the exact amount of improvement is highly dependent on the nature and concentrations of these reactive impurities (Gabele, 1995). 

Geochemistry of Mineral Surfaces and Factors Affecting Their Chemical Reactivity Table 7.4 (Continued)... 

For reactive and short chain alcohols the nickel hydroxide electrode and nickel peroxide exhibit the same reactivity (Table 4).,The oxidation of long chain alcohols, which is possible in good yields at the electrode has not been reported for nickel peroxide. The close similarity in yield and products indicates that in both oxidations the same reagent is effective. 

B. Indices of Chemical Reactivity Table X presents the following data for models of molecules XV-XXV 7r-electron densities (q), atom-atom polarizabilities (77 ), free valences (F, Nmhx = /3), and exact superdelocalizabilities (Se,8r, and Sn). Table XI gives Wheland s atom-localization energies for a few molecules. Bond orders for molecules XV-XXV are compiled in Table XII. 

Borane also will reduce esters, amides, and nitriles to the same products as does LiAlH4, but with reduced reactivity (Table 16-6). 

Some common laboratory chemicals react violently with water, and they should always be stored and handled so that they do not contact liquid water or vapor. They must not be disposed of in landfills, even in a lab pack, because of their characteristic reactivities (Table 17-1). 

Hydroxyl Reactivity. Tables 5 and 6 summarize the relative reactivities of hydroxyl groups observed in partial etherification of cellulose. Besides a distinctly high selectivity of the C6 OH group in tritylation, the relative reactivity of the 2-OH and 6-OH groups was considerably affected by the alkylation conditions, such as fiber swelling and the nature of etherifying conditions. 

Among carbenes substituted with another electron-withdrawing group, bis(trifluoromethyl)carbene seems to be the most reactive (Table 15). " ... 

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