Reactions of other metal atoms

Studies of the reactions of metals other than alkalis or alkaline earths are rather more fragmentary and will be dealt with here by their periodic groups. The reactions of a few non-metals, such as B, C, Si and Ge, are included in this section. The reactions are summarised in Table 5. 

Reactions of metal atoms other than alkalis or alkaline earths (see Appendix 1) 

The visible chemiluminescence observed in the reactions of Y and Sc with F2, Cl2 and C1F was originally attributed [387] to emission from the metal monohalide, MX. However, more recent studies [388] suggest that the emitter is the metal dihalide, MXijf, which is formed by secondary collisions of vibrationally hot ground state monohalide, MXt, formed in the initial reaction, M + X2, with another halogen, viz. 

Laser-fluorescence measurements [386] of the ground state MX products of the reactions of Y and Sc with F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2 were analysed assuming Boltzmann vibrational and rotational distributions for the MX product, giving TVib values in the range 2150—2850 K and Ttoi values between 1425 and 1700 K for this family of reactions. This indicates a rather low conversion ( 15%) of the reaction energy into internal energy of the MX product, although it should be emphasised that the above results depend on the spectroscopic and thermodynamic data for the metal monohalides which are not very well established. 

The production of MO in ground and electronically excited states by the reactions of M + 02, NO, N20, N02, 03 and S02 has been studied by laser-induced fluorescence and visible chemiluminescence methods. The reactions M + 02 have been particularly well studied. For Y + 02 and Sc + 02, emission is observed [389] from the A2Tl and A 2A states of MO and the branching ratios for population of these states are statistical. The MO vibrational population distribution in the A2Yli/2 state is statistical, whilst the distributions for the other states show inversion. The MO (A) rotational distributions can be fitted by Boltzmann forms with temperatures which differ from the vibrational temperatures [392]. For 

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