Reaction 6-acetyl-, reduction

Nitromethylation of aldehydes has been carried out in a one pot procedure consisting of the Henry reaction, acetylation, and reduction with sodium borohydride, which provides a good method for the preparation of l-nitroalkanes.16b 79 It has been improved by several modifications. The initial condensation reaction is accelerated by use of KF and 18-crown-6 in isopropanol. Acetylation is effected with acetic anhydride at 25 °C and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. These mild conditions are compatible with various functional groups which are often... 

Acetonitrile, 407 Acetophenone, 725,729,730 phenylhydrazone, 852 p-Acetotoluidide, 593, 605 Acetoxime, 343 Acetylacetone, 861, 862, 863 Acetylation, reductive, 749 Thiele, 749 Acetyl chloride, 367 2-Acetylcyciohexanone, 862, 864 Acetylene, 245, 897 reactions of, 245, 246 Acetylenic compounds, synthesis of, 467-469, 895-902 Acetylglycine, 909 Acetylmethylurea, 968, 969 Acetylsalicylio acid, 996 Acetyl-o-toluidide, 578 2-Acetylthiophene, 837 Acid anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids, 371... 

Acetyl coenzyme A synthase of C. thermoaceticum is able to catalyze the whole reaction for reductive synthesis of acetyl coenzyme A from carbon dioxide, a methylated corrinnoid/iron-sulfur protein, and coenzyme A. The enzyme catalyzes several exchange reactions [147-149] ... 

Mankind has produced acetic acid for many thousand years but the traditional and green fermentation methods cannot provide the large amounts of acetic acid that are required by today s society. As early as 1960 a 100% atom efficient cobalt-catalyzed industrial synthesis of acetic acid was introduced by BASF, shortly afterwards followed by the Monsanto rhodium-catalyzed low-pressure acetic acid process (Scheme 5.36) the name explains one of the advantages of the rhodium-catalyzed process over the cobalt-catalyzed one [61, 67]. These processes are rather similar and consist of two catalytic cycles. An activation of methanol as methyl iodide, which is catalytic, since the HI is recaptured by hydrolysis of acetyl iodide to the final product after its release from the transition metal catalyst, starts the process. The transition metal catalyst reacts with methyl iodide in an oxidative addition, then catalyzes the carbonylation via a migration of the methyl group, the "insertion reaction". Subsequent reductive elimination releases the acetyl iodide. While both processes are, on paper, 100%... 

In the field of carotenoids, most TLC-MS utilizations to date have been made offline and have used TLC merely for the purpose of purification or isolation of these pigments. Mass spectrometry was introduced into carotenoid analysis in 1965 [16]. In the 1970s, separations by open column chromatography on aluminum oxide were often combined with TLC separations on silica gel and MgO/Kieselguhr to achieve sufficient purification degree of carotenoids from tomato. These were analyzed afterward by direct-insertion electron impact-MS (EI-MS) [17-19]. Such isolation procedures, applied reactions (acetylation, saponification, and reduction), Rf values, absorption, and MS spectra enabled identification of phytoene 1,2-oxide, and related compounds as the first naturally occurring epoxides of acyclic carotenoids [17]. 

Preparative Method the title compound with 5-configuration can be made from (5)-mandelic acid following a four-step reaction sequence reduction (LiAlH4), selective tosylation (TsCl/Bu2SnO/Et3N), displacement (NaSPh), and acetylation (Ac20/pyridine). The racemic isomer can be prepared by electrophilic addition to st3rene. ... 

The synthesis of vinylruthenocene VR and vinylosmocene VO requires acetylation, reduction and dehydration by pyrolysis from alumina (Scheme 2), The procedure of Hill and Richards was used rather than more conventional acetylation with acetyl chloride and aluminum chloride because it gave near quantitative yield of acetylruthenocene with no formation of 1,1 - diacetylruthenocene In the case of osmocene acetylation is only 70-80% complete. Increasing the reaction time produces extensive decomposition. Thus chromatography is required to remove the tar formed and to separate osmocene and acetyl-osmocene. In general higher temperatures and longer reaction times are required for osmocene as compared to ferrocene and ruthenocene, in agreement with previous observations. 

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