Rattlesnake, venom

Class Index C22 injection include localized pain, acting neurotoxin. Rattlesnake rattlesnake venom. 

Mixed polypeptide complex neurotoxin from rattlesnake venom. Prevents ACh release and blocks muscle ACh receptor. Systemic effects dizziness, sensory and motor depression, collapse may be fatal. 

Uridine 5 -Diphosphate. Uridine 5. (trihydrogen diphosphate) UDP uridine 5 -pyrophosphate uridine-5-pyrophosphoric acid. C9HI4N20,jPj mol wt 404.18. C 26.75%, H 3.49%, N 6.93%, O 47.50%, P 15.33%. Can be isolated from calf s fiver, thymus, and yeast. The commer -cial product is derived from yeast. Pentose nucleic acids (isolated from yeast) are digested with rattlesnake venom (freed of 5 -monoesterase) and the nucleotides are separated by chromatography Cohn, Volkin, Arch, Biochem. Biophys. 35, 465 (1952) J. Biol Chem. 203, 319 (19S3). For alternate procedures see the refs under Uridine Diphosphate Glucose. Syntheses Chambers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 3032 (1959) Moffatt, Khorana, ibid. 83, 649 (1961). 

Crotamino. Component of rattlesnake venom (Crota-linae) that destroys muscle fibers. This myotoxin is composed of 42 amino acids and has three disulfide bridges, isoelectric point at 10.3. 

Lit. Chem. Ind. (London) 1995, 914ff. Harding Welch, Venomous Snakes of the World, Oxford Pergamon 1980 J. Toxicol., Toxin Rev. 9, 225 (1990) Lee, Snake Venoms, New York Springer 1979 Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab. 47,1120 (1999) (review) Naturwiss. Rundsch. 44, 1 (1991) Pharmacol. Ther. 29, 353-405 (1985) 30,91 -113 (1985) 31, 1 -55 (1986) 34,403-451 (1987) 36, l-40(1988) Shier Mebs, Handbook of Toxicology, New York Dekker 1990 Stocker, Medical Use of Snake Venom Proteins, Boca Raton CRC Press 1990 Tu, Handbook of Natural Toxins, Vol.5, New York Dekker 1991 "Tu, Rattlesnake Venoms, New York Dekker 1982. 

Achomawi (California, USA) Used for poison arrows. Tips imbedded in masses of wet lichen and left fru up to a year, rattlesnake venom sometimes added (Merriam 1966)... 

W.B. Mors, M.C. do Nascimento, J.P. Parente, M.H. da Silva, P.A. Melo, G. Suarez-Kurtz, NeufraUzation of lethal and myotoxic activities of South American rattlesnake venom by extracts and constituents of the plant Eclipta prostrata (Asteraceae), Toxicon 27 (1989) 1003-1009. 

Fabiano, R. J., and Tu, A. T. (1981). Purification and biochemical study of viriditoxin, tissue damaging toxin, from prairie rattlesnake venom. Biochemistry 20 21-27. 

Bouchier, C., Boulain, J.C., Bon, C., and Menez, A. (1991) Analysis of cDNAs encoding the two subunits of crotoxin, a phospholipase A2 neurotoxin from rattlesnake venom the acidic non enzymatic subunit derives from a phospholipase A2-like precursor. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1088, 401-408. 

Atroxase has 205 amino acids obtained by translation of a truncated cDNA clone of atroxase isolated from a cDNA library constructed from activated rattlesnake venom glands. 

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