Ratio-referencing spectrofluorometer

In addition, to the basic spectrofluorometer discussed earlier (see Figure 3-17), other types of fluorometric instruments include a ratio-referencing spectrofluorometer, time-resolved fluorometer, flow cytometer, and hematofluorometer. 

Ratio-Referencing Spectrofluorometer A typical ratio-referencing spectrofluorometer is illustrated in Figure 3-20. Basically, this is a simple right angle instrument that uses two monochromators (Ml and M2), two photomultiplier tube detectors (D1 and D2, the reference and sample PMTs), and a xenon lamp source. The light from the exciter monochromator (Ml) is split, and a small portion (10%) is directed to the reference PMT (Dl) for ratio refer-... 

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