Rate of separation and residence times

The process of separation is described by similar rate equations as for the pure metals (Eqs. (7.24) and (7.28)). Knowing the number of bonds cleaved and the bond energies between neighboring atoms, (pj, (p, respectively, the rate constants 

Electrochemical conditions can again be taken into account by an additional Butler-Vohner factor exp(+a jAzjF // T) to the exponential terms of Eq. (8.7). The coefficient represents the part of the potential, which acts on the separation step and Az, is the charge transfer connected with the separation step. 

A residence time can be defined for each atom newly added to a kink site position. 

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