Jump rate

Among tobacco users with no history of depression, 20% experience depression during withdrawal. The rate jumps to 80% for those with a past history of depression. Women are more prone to depression during withdrawal than men. 

An interesting effect was observed by varying the pressure between 80 and 400 mTorr. At pressures of 180 mTorr and above, the deposition rate jumped from 600 to 2000 A/min. At the same time, resistivity rose as high as 4000 pi2-cm. The variation with pressure is shown in Figure 12. Apparently, the stoichiometry changed dramatically at pressures of 180 mTorr and higher. In fact, there is very little Ta in the film created at 400 mTorr (about 13%), so this is mostly a polysilicon film. 

Tensile tests at room temperature have shown that HPT-processed titanium demonstrates yield stress higher that 800 MPa, ultimate strength of 980 MPa and elongation to fracture of 12% (Fig. 5). A strain-rate jump test of this material has revealed an increased strain rate sensitivity value of 0.12-0.15, which is visibly higher than that for conventional coarse-grained Ti where this parameter is less than 0.05. 

The activation volumes, normalized by b, predicted by the models using eqs. (9.30) are compared in Fig. 9.23 with some of those measured by Kazmierczak et al. (2005) in strain-rate-jump experiments. In the model calculation for the nucleation of the monolithic-screw-dislocation emission A = 20 nm X/b = 78.5) was used. The data for 13 up-jump strain-rate-change experiments are also plotted in Fig. 9.23. The details of these experiments are given by Kazmierczak et al. (2005). The measured Av /Z> for the jump experiments from s = 5.5 X 10 to 5.5 X 10 fall quite close to the models for nucleation of dislocation half loops. The data for jumps at considerably lower strain rates and smaller flow stresses fall a bit closer to the model of nucleation of monolithic screw dislocations but are in much less satisfactory agreement. In all cases it was assumed that the externally applied stresses directly apply locally, which is the assumption in the Sachs model. However, considering the generally confused morphology of... 

The RPVs within the RC corrode away at the year 2700 and their cladding by the year 2795. This exposes the remaining material left in the thermal shields to corrosion at the full BCR and the release rate jumps to 6.0 GBq-a. The rate falls away gradually for the final 250 years until all the activated material is corroded away by the year 3050. From Section 3.4.3.1 (Fission product and actinide release), there is still an appreciable amount of fuel material left to corrode away after the activated steels have corroded away. 

The activation energy E can also be determined by the rate-jump method of CRTA. In the rate-jump method, the reaction rate is cycled between two predetermined values by increasing the gas flow towards the exterior of the reaction chamber in that ratio, and by measuring the resulting temperature limits. Each set of two successive rates with the corresponding temperatures allows an independent calculation of from the equation... 

It is found that the activation energy E determined from the rate-jump method of CRTA is... 

Figure 5.21 demonstrates the failure behavior of H),(K)0 electronic cards over a certain period of time. From this it becomes evident that the average monthly failure rate of these electronic boards will amount to 8-10. During the shutdown periods of the power plant, however, the failure rate jumps to 16-55. Hidden in these figures are, of course, boards which have failed at an earlier point in time that is, defective boards which had not yet been detected and were found during tests while the plant was shut down. Taking these uncertainty factors into consideration, the result will be a mean failure rate of lO Vh for any type of electronic board irrespective of its provenance or manufacture. 

Fig. 78 Dependence of the creep rate (at e 2% on the creep increment (a) for oriented gel-crystallized UHMWPE fibers with draw ratio X = 45 (creep rate jumps of large strain periods L 100 jam are observed), and (b) for the same fibers chemically modified for generating crosslinks between fibrils (the large strain periods are absent) [313]...

Figure 81 demonstrates variation of creep rate within the narrow ranges of strains for neat PI and its composite. For neat PI with the complicated supermoleeular structure (different local molecular packing, the presence of mesophases, etc.) the periods and amplitudes of creep rate variations (L and h parameters) are changeable (Fig. 81a) creep rate jumps h did not exceed mainly 2-3. The mieroregions of 0.6-1.0 im size with different moleeular packing densities may result in such creep rate-strain plots. 

The kinetic mechanism governing dislocation controlled plasticity can be tested in strain rate jump experiments, where dming monotonic deformation. 

---