Rate bill defined

This equation expresses the fact that in a process with the various flow rates /, work is continuously dissipated to overcome the barriers, the resistance, or the friction that all the processing such as heat and mass transfer and chemical conversion introduce. In Chapter 5, we refer to this as the result of the "magic triangle." There is no clearer way to illustrate the origin of the process s energy bill, nor a better way to calculate it. This relation also defines the challenge that in order to keep the energy bill as low as possible one should find, as Bejan calls it, "the path of least resistance" [6]. 

Background. Creating measurement indicators is the next step in the CQI process. Measurement of current practices will denote the baseline data for the project. Indicators must be rate based, reporting percent frequency of occurrence over time. The indicator should have a defined data source (utilization records, laboratory records, billing records, etc.), and include a numerator, denominator, reporhng frequency and responsibility, patient population, and threshold goal for improvement. Outcome indicators can be economic, clinical, humanishc, or process measures. Kozma... 

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