Ras/MAPK signalling

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Figure 3. MAP kinase regulatory pathway. The MAP kinase signaling pathway begins with activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) by exogenous signals, such as growth factors and insulin. The signal is then transmitted into the cell via activation of the Raf serine/threonine kinase either directly by the RTK or through the GTP-binding protein, Ras. The signal is then transmitted to the nucleus and to other cytoplasmic proteins via MAPKK and MAPK.

Fig. 6. Role of signal transduction pathways in phosphorylating H3 at Ser-10 and Ser-28. The Ras-MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway is activated by EGF (epidermal growth factor) and TPA (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate). UV-B activates both the Ras-MAPK pathway and the p38 kinase pathway (for more information about the signal transduction pathways see http // kinase, oci.utoronto.ca/signallingmap.html).

The RAS-RAF-MAPK signaling pathway can cross-react with the JAK-STAT pathway in eosinophils (Fig. 1). It has been shown that MAPK interacts with the a subunit of IFN- //i receptor and the activation of early-response genes by IFNs requires tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT. Therefore, MAPK can regulate IFN-o and IFN-/1 activation of early-response genes by modifying the JAK-STAT signaling cascade (D5). 

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