RANS models equilibrium model

Geological evolution and self-organizing of the water-rock system. In 5 vol. Vol. 1 System water-rock in Earth crust interaction, kinetics, equilibrium, modeling. VA. Alezeyevet al., Resp. Editor S.L. Shvartsev. OIGGM SO RAN [and others]. Novosibirsk, Publishers SO RAN, 2005, 244 p. (in Russian). 

Kaganovich, B. M., Keiko, A. V., Shamansky, V. A. and Shirkalin, I. A. "Application of Equilibrium Feasibility Models in the Analysis of Efficiency of Gas Turbine Technologies in Small-Scale Energy". ISEM SO RAN, Irkutsk, (2005). Preprint At, 5. 59 p. (in Russian)... 

Br, respectively. We think that this is a satisfactory explanation of why the cis-trans voh doublet in 0-FC6H4OH was not observed in CCI4. Second, the solvent strongly stabilizes the trans form so that the cis-trans gap cis—trans fnho appears to be equal to 3.4, 2.8 and 2.0 kl moC for F, Cl and Br, respectively. This straightforwardly implies an increase in the equilibrium constants k is, rans in series of F, Cl and Br equal to 0.25, 0.33 and 0.45, respectively with respect to that in the parent phenol. Third, the solvent reduces the cis-trans barrier to 11.8, 11.4 and 11.7 kImoG for F, Cl and Br, respectively. Altogether, we may conclude that even a rather simple modelling of solvent is able to resolve the aforementioned controversial state of affairs in the orf/zo-X-substituted phenols. 

CFD simulations at high Reynolds numbers for technical applications are nowadays mainly based on solutions of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The main reason are that they are simple to apply and computationally more efficient than other turbulence modelling approaches such as LES.It is known, however, that in many flow problems the condition of a turbulent equilibrium is not satisfied, i.e., when strong pressure gradients or flow separation occurs, which reduces the prediction accuracy of the results obtained by one-and two-equation turbulence models used to close the RANS equations [13,15]. 

In this particular case, the first (1st) and second (2nd) ran isotherms are virtually coincident indicating that CO adsorption was entirely reversible upon evacuation of the CO equilibrium pressure. For the experimental and samples details vide infra Sect. 1.4. It is here only recalled that the 2nd ran isotherms were performed after the overnight outgassing of the reversible adsorbed phase. The isotherms experimental points were interpolated by the Langmuir model equation (vide infra). 

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