Radiofrequency plasmas

Electron energy distribution function The distribution function of electrons in a plasma. That of a low-pressure radiofrequency plasma generally consists of two Maxwellian distributions, that is, fast and slow electrons. 

Polypropylene (PP) is a hydrophobic and chemically inert polymer which needs to be activated in order to be functional as a support for NA immobilization. Typically, PP membranes are aminated by exposure to an ammonia plasma generated by radiofrequency plasma discharge. Once aminated, the PP membranes can be reacted with derivatized ONDs using common coupling methods [56-58]. 

This author and coworkers at Beckman Coulter first described the use of a low form 96-well plastic microplate for automated micro-ELISA immunoassays (Matson et al., 2001). The polypropylene plate was first modified by a radiofrequency plasma amination process (Matson et al., 1995) followed by conversion to an acyl fluoride surface chemistry for rapid covalent attachment of biomolecules. Proteins (1 to 2 mg/mL) were prepared in 50 mM carbonate buffer, pH 9, containing 4% sodium sulfate (to improve spot uniformity) and printed using a conventional arrayer system. Approximately 200-pL droplets of monoclonal antibodies (anti-cytokine) were deposited into the bottom of the microwells using a Cartesian PS7200 system equipped... 

Oxidation by heat, by radiofrequency plasma, chemically, or elec-trochemically (cathodic and extreme anodic polarization cycles). The resulting surface can be linked to enzymes directly or with a coupling agent (58, 79,80, 152, 153). 

Brenner I. B., Watson A. E., Steele T. W., Jones E. A. and Goncalves M. (1981) Application of an argon-nitrogen inductively coupled radiofrequency plasma (ICP) to the analysis of geological and related materials for their rare earth contents, Spectrochim Acta, Part B 36 785-797. 

Daum, P, Lenhard, J.R., Rolison, D., and Murray, R.W. 1980. Diffusional charge transport through ultrathin films of radiofrequency plasma polymerized vinylferrocene at low temperature. Journal of the American Chemical Society 102,4649 653. 

Chinn J A, Horbett T A, Ratner B D, Schway M B, Hague Y and Hauschka S D 1989 Enhancement of serum fibroneotin adsorption and the clonal plating of swiss mouse-3T3 fibroplast and MM14-mouse myoblast cells on polymer substrates modified by radiofrequency plasma deposition J. Colloid Interface Sol. 127 67-87... 

A rubber-like (NPCl2) polymer is formed in low yield by exposure of (NPCl2)s to a low-pressure radiofrequency plasma. ... 

The direct formation of polymer films on electrode surfaces from their monomeric constituents is an attractive method for the preparation of PMEs. One such method is the polymerization of vinyl monomers from the gas phase using a radiofrequency plasma discharge. However note that polyvinylferrocene (PVF) films formed by plasma polymerization have been found to be cross-linked to a greater degree than electrodeposited PVF films, thus limiting penetration of electrolyte ions. ... 

Danilich, M.J., Gervasio, D.F. and Marchant, R.E. 1994. Radiofrequency plasma polymerization of perfluoroionomer membrane materials. J. Appl. Polym. ScL Symp. 54 93-105. 

---