Radio immuno-assays RIA

The previous methodology, illustrated by the sulfate example, has been employed since the 1960s for the measurement of insulin in serum. The technique, named radio-immunology, is a transposition into immuno-chemistry of the preceding experiment. 

The basic idea is to separate, after mixing, the analyte by a means of an ultraspecific reagent (an antibody), which renders possible the study of a single type molecule amongst thousands of other substances. This approach has lead to immuno-measurements that have benefitted enormously from the development of genetic engineering and biochemistry. 

Radio-immunology has remained the method of choice for certain studies of clinical medicine and has few applications for the measurement of molecules of low molecular mass, because of the use of radioactive substances. Alternatively, the 

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It would be an advantage if drugs and/or their metabolites in biological samples (blood, urine, feces, bile, tissues) could be analyzed directly. However, this has only been achieved with radio immuno assay (RIA) procedures and, in some cases, with voltammetric methods, but with high detectability limits (20 ug/ml). In all other cases background... 

One prominent use of organometallic complexes is in metallo-immuno assays. The traditional radio-linked immuno assay (RIA) is highly sensitive but has obvious disadvantages related to the use of radioactivity. Modern alternatives use colorimetric, fluorescence, or enzyme-linked detection schemes (ELISA). The idea of using non-radioactive metals for specific, highly sensitive detection in immuno assays was first mentioned by Gais, who used steroid... 

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