Radical chemistry alternative solvents

The Future of Glycerol New Uses of a Versatile Raw Material 2 Alternative Solvents for Green Chemistry 3 Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Fine Chemicals 4 Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies 5 Chemical Reactions and Processes under Flow Conditions 6 Radical Reactions in Aqueous Media... 

The cation radical can undergo deprotonation to yield an allyl radical or nucleophilic attack by the solvent to produce a methoxyalkyl radical. Coupling of these radicals with the aromatic radical anion produces acyclic adducts. As an alternative, the anion radical can be protonated, ultimately giving reduction product. Thus, the degree of charge separation within the excited state complex dramatically influences the observable chemistry. 

Poly(4-ferf-butylstyrene) is an alternative to polystyrene that can be prepared by radical polymerization of a commercial monomer. While poly(4-ferf-butylstyrene) (PtBS) has received limited attention as a component in block copolymers [64], PtBS homopolymers have not generally been used as supports, presumably because they offer no advantages in separation if separation involves solvent precipitation chemistry. PtBS heptane solubility does make it useful in liquid/liquid biphasic separations. PtBS and other alkylated polystyrenes are otherwise similar to polystyrene and such heptane solubility under biphasic separation conditions is a general strategy for separation and recovery of species bound to these polystyrene-like polymers. A version of this polymer support suitable for catalyst immobilization (120) can be prepared by radical copolymerization with chloromethylstyrene as a comonomer (Eq. 58). This alkylated polystyrene is highly phase-selectively soluble in heptane when another polar phase like DMF or 90% aqueous ethanol is present, but is soluble in miscible mixtures of heptane with these polar solvents at 70 °C. 

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