Radiative Property Tables

Hence, the radiative equilibrium temperature is sensitive to changes in the solar constant, planetary albedo, and the radiative properties of the earth-atmosphere-ocean system. In addition, changes internal to the earth-atmosphere-ocean system may alter the climate. Table I is an incomplete list of phenomena that individually or in concert could alter climate. 

The effects of limited molecular flexibility and increasing deviation from coplanarity of the anthracene and ethylene ir-systems on the radiative properties have been assessed in a series of symmetrically 2,2-substituted l-(9-anthryl)ethylenes 87 [63]. As for structurally rigid 9-anthrylethylenes 88 and 89, for which rotation about the anthryl-ethylene single bond is not possible, and in which the ethylene double bond has been forced to be coplanar with the anthracene -system, their fluorescence quantum yields in cyclohexane are exceptionally high, i.e., 0.94 and 0.96, respectively, and the Stokes shifts are less than 200 cm 1 (see Figure 15). For nonplanar 9-vinylanthracene 87a and its dimethyl derivative 87b, whose ethylene double bond may be twisted out of the plane of the anthracene by about 60°, the quantum yield is 0.63, and the Stokes shifts are around 1000cm-1 (see Table 16). 

Extensive research including the study of radiative and non-radiative properties of rare-earth ions has been carried out. Especially, the Judd-Ofelt theory has been applied to most rare-earth — fluoride-glass combinations. Typical Judd-Ofelt parameters are reported in Table 3 for ZBLAN glass [31-34], An exhaustive list of such parameters for glasses and crystals can be found in Ref. [35]. 

Table A-2 Boiling and freezing point properties 843 Table A-3 Properties of solid metals 844 846 Table A-4 Properties of solid nonmetals 847 Table A-5 Properties of building materials 848-849 Table A-6 Properties of insulating materials 850 Table A-] Properties of common foods 851-852 Table A-8 Properties of miscellaneous materials 853 TableA-9 Properties of saturated water 854 Table A 10 Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a 855 Table A-11 Properties of saturated ammonia 856 Table A-12 "Properties of saturated propane 857 Table A-13 Properties of liquids 858 Table A-14 Properties of liquid metals 859 Table A- 5 Properties of air at 1 atm pressure 860 TableA-16 Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure 861-862 Table A-17 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude 863 Table A-18 Emissivities of surfaces 864-865 Table A-19 Solar radiative properties of materials 866 Figure A-20 The Moody chart for friction factor for fully developed flow in circular pipes 867...

Kirchhoffs law (Eq. 7.27) may be used to replace the absorptivity in these relations with emissivity if the restrictions of Table 7.1 are observed. Thus, data on one of the radiative properties can often be used to generate the others, although care must be used to avoid violating the restrictions of Table 7.1. 

TABLE 9.5 Volume Averaging of Radiative Properties Independent Scattering... 

Shifting of the energy of the MLCT excited state has important consequences on the emission properties. In general, lowering of the energy is accompanied by decreased emission quantum yield and shorter lifetimes. Meyer et al. have demonstrated this behaviour for the CT excited state of Ru(II), Os(II) and Re(I) complexes [24], Table 4 illustrates this effect with some data on the Re(I)-carbonyl bipyridine complexes. In all these Re(I) complexes, the first reduction is bpy-based and occurs at a constant potential of -1.25 0.05 V vs. SCE. The changes in the radiative properties are due to increased occurrence of competitive non-radiative pathway. Data of this kind have been quantitatively interpreted in terms of the "energy gap law". 

The transfer of heat by radiation in general can be said to occur simultaneously with heat transfer by convection and conduction. Transfer by radiation tends to become more important than that by the other two mechanisms as the temperature increases. It is useful to gain an appreciation of the basic definitions of the energy flux terms, the surface property terms and their relationships while discussing radiative heat transfer. With this objective, reference may be made to Table 3.4 in which these are presented. 

To further explore the influence of silica material properties (morphology, surface area, silanol concentration, and surface treatment) on the silica flame-retardant properties, various types of silicas (silica gel, fumed silicas, and fused silica) were investigated.50 51 Material properties of the various silicas are summarized in Table 8.6. These different types of silicas were added to polypropylene and polyethylene oxide to determine their flame-retardant effectiveness and mechanisms. Polypropylene was chosen as a non-char-forming thermoplastic, and polyethylene oxide was chosen as a polar slightly char-forming thermoplastic. Flammability properties were measured in the cone calorimeter and the mass loss rate was measured in the radiative gasification device in nitrogen to exclude any gas phase oxidation reactions. 

Thus we may state that the matrix elements of the Lyman series transitions increase with the increase of the magnetic field. Similar increase is also characteristic of matrix elements for 7r-transitions to the state 2pl and n- and cr-transitions to the state 2s of the Balmer series. However this property does not hold in general. E.g. for 7r-transitions to the state 2p0 from many states of the upper-level diamagnetic manifold the coefficient q 0A 2po takes negative values (see table 2). So the magnetic field action on the radiative matrix elements is rather selective and depends on the structure of initial and final states and on the type of transition (7T or cr). 

TABLE 1.7 Distribution and Selected Properties of Some Atmospheric Polluting Gases Having Absorption in the Radiative Window ... 

The influence of ligand substituents on the nature and decay properties of excited bipy and phen complexes was also studied (171,172). Ru(diphenylbipy)3 and Ru(dlphenylphen)3 have optical properties differing somewhat from those of the parent unsubstituted complexes. The MLCT absorption bands of the substituted systems are more intense ( -g values are about twice as large as those of the parent complexes), the emission quantum yields are considerably larger and the emission lifetimes at 77 K are shorter (Table 7). While the radiative rate constant is larger for the substituted complexes, the nonradiative decay constant is smaller. 

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