Radiation of carbohydrates

Phillips, G.O. and Moody, G.J. (1960a). Radiation chemistry of carbohydrates. Part IV. The effect of gamma-radiation on aqueous solutions of sucrose. J. Chem. Soc. 155, 762-768. 

Only syntheses which involve the formation of new glycosidic linkages will be considered in this article. This restriction excludes many interesting examples of copolymerization in which only one of the monomers is a carbohydrate (or carbohydrate derivative), the polymerization of carbohydrate derivatives which contain a polymerizable group4 (such as acrylate), and the polymerization of sugar lactones.1 Many of these topics have already been discussed in reviews.1-8 Also outside the scope of this article is the chemical modification of naturally occurring polysaccharides thus, we have excluded the industrially important process of dextrini-zation,10 except as it may pertain to acid condensation processes. The radiation-catalyzed polymerization and modification of carbohydrate poly-... 

Phillips, G. O., Radiation Chemistry of Carbohydrates, 16,13-58 Polglase, W. J., Polysaccharides Associated with Wood Cellulose, 10, 283-333... 

FREE-RADICAL REACTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES AS STUDIED BY RADIATION TECHNIQUES... 

The field of carbohydrate radiation chemistry was reviewed by Phil-lips12,13 in 1961 and in 1971. Since then, knowledge has increased so rapidly that it is useful to review it anew. Those readers interested in food sterilization by radiation, and in related studies on carbohydrates, are referred to the review by Dauphin and Saint-Lebe,14 wherein references not given in the present article may be found. 

Radiation Biochemistry of Carbohydrates. Normal autolytic processes are not affected by pasteurizing doses of ionizing radiation. The principal source of volatile base in irradiated and unirradiated or sterile fish or shellfish tissues is through enzymatic amination of adenosine monophosphate to the flavor-active compound inosine monophosphate. 

Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1981) Photolysis at 185 nm of dimethyl ether in aqueous solution Involvement of the hydroxymethyl radical. J Photochem 16 289-295 Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1984) Methylperoxyl radicals a study ofthey-radiolysis of methane in oxygenated aqueous solutions. Z Naturforsch 39b 217—221 Schuchmann MN, von Sonntag C (1977) Radiation chemistry of carbohydrates. Part 14. Hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation of D-glucose in oxygenated aqueous solution. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 1958-1963... 

Kochetkov NK, Kudryashov LI, Yarovaya SM, Bortsova El (1965) Radiation chemistry of carbohydrates. 

Visscher KJ, de Haas MP, Loman H, Vojnovic B, Warman JM (1987) Fast protonation of adenosine and of its radical anion formed by hydrated electron attack a nanosecond optical and dc-conduc-tivity pulse radiolysis study. Int J Radiat Biol 52 745-753 Visscher KJ, Spoelder HJW, Loman H, Hummel A, Horn ML (1988) Kinetics and mechanism of electron transfer between purines and pyrimidines, their dinucleotides and polynucleotides after reaction with hydrated electrons a pulse radiolysis study. Int J Radiat Biol 54 787-802 von Sonntag C (1980) Free radical reactions of carbohydrates as studied by radiation techniques. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 37 7-77... 

Zegota H, von Sonntag C (1977) Radiation chemistry of carbohydrates, XV. OH radical induced scission of the glycosidic bond in disaccharides. Z Naturforsch 32b 1060-1067... 

N. K. Kochetkov, L. I. Kudrjashov, and M. A. Chlenov, Radiation Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979. 

C. von Sonntag, Free-radical reactions of carbohydrates as studied by radiation techniques, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 37 (1980) 7-77. 

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