Radiation effects artifacts

The small discrepency in initiation rate dependency between radiation (0.4) and chemically initiated systems (0.5) is interpreted as an artifact of the radiation initiation process. We have interpreted this in terms of a loss of initiation efficiency due to a low concentration of monomer in the aqueous phase. A similar effect has been observed in a study by Acres and Dalton (19.) where the intensity exponent was shown to be directly related to monomer concentration. 

The guideline offers no clear-cut answer as to why illuminance (Lux) measurement is specified in the ICH guidelines. It may be speculated that this was adopted from a similar application involving degradation of materials, specifically museum artifact conservation. In this particular application, typically, both UVA and Lux are measured, the readings divided, and the resulting ratio is to be kept within stated values for minimal degradation effect. In other terms, W m (UVA) divided by lumens m (Lux) equals W/lumen or the ratio of the UVA content to the photopic, ambient, radiation. 

Types of Radioactivity Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay 615 Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts 625 17.10 the Sun 631 The Effects of Radiation on Life 631... 

Abstract— It is well known that contamination of CT data with scattered radiation rednces reconstrncted CT numbers and introduces cupping artifacts in the reconstructed images. This effect is more pronounced in multi detector CT scanners with extended detector aperture mostly using cone-heam configurations, which are much less immune to scatter than fan-heam and single-slice CT scanners. Accurate... 

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