R, the gas constant

This equation describes the additional amount of gas adsorbed into the pores due to capillary action. In this case, V is the molar volume of the gas, y its surface tension, R the gas constant, T absolute temperature and r the Kelvin radius. The distribution in the sizes of micropores may be detenninated using the Horvath-Kawazoe method [19]. If the sample has both micropores and mesopores, then the J-plot calculation may be used [20]. The J-plot is obtained by plotting the volume adsorbed against the statistical thickness of adsorbate. This thickness is derived from the surface area of a non-porous sample, and the volume of the liquified gas. 

Here G is the free energy and AG the change in free energy during the reaction. R the gas constant and T the absolute temperature. 

The Arrhenius relationship (eq. 5) for crystalline polymers or other transitions, where E is the activation energy and R the gas constant (8.3 J/mol), is as follows ... 

Because Pb, Pb02, and PbSO are all soHds having low solubiHties, the activities of these substances are unity. At 25 °C, the absolute temperature Tis 298.15 K. The value of R, the gas constant, used is 8.3144 J/(molK). E, the Earaday constant, is 96,485 C/mol. The standard ceU voltage for the double sulfate reaction must be known as weU as the activities of sulfuric acid and water at any given concentration or temperature. 

The Tempered activation energy , is the activation energy divided by R, the gas constant, and is dimensionless. It will be shown here with a superscript T, e.g. 10 000. ... 

Ideal gas obeys the equation of state PV = MRT or P/p = MRT, where P denotes the pressure, V the volume, p the density, M the mass, T the temperature of the gas, and R the gas constant per unit mass independent of pressure and temperature. In most cases the ideal gas laws are sufficient to describe the flow within 5% of actual conditions. When the perfect gas laws do not apply, the gas compressibility factor Z can be introduced ... 

Where 8 is the solubility parameter A the energy of vaporisation V the molar volume A// the latent heat of vaporisation R the gas constant T the temperature M the moleeular weight D the density. 

Here Q is the solute concentration and R the gas constant. This is in fact obeyed over a rather wide range of concentrations, almost up to solute mole fractions of 0.61, with an error of only 25 percent. This is remarkable, since the van t Hoff equation is rigorous only in the infinitely dilute limit. Even in the case of highly nonideal solutions, for example a solution with a ratios of 1.5 and e ratios of 4, the van t Hoff equation is still obeyed quite well for concentrations up to about 6 mole percent. It appears from these results that the van t Hoff approximation is much more sensitive to the nonideality of the solutions, and not that sensitive... 

E0 Standard electrode potential, V R The gas constant F Faraday constant... 

V = equivalent volume of a spherically rotating molecule, R = the gas constant, and T = temperature in Kelvins. 

P = permeability P0 = intrinsic permeability Ep = apparent activation energy R - the gas constant T = absolute temperature... 

The overbar means average. The k in the proportionality constant is called the Boltzmann constant. It is equal to R, the gas constant, divided by Avogadro s number. Note that k is the same for all gases. 

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