Quinazoline alkaloids antimalarial

Structure and synthesis of antimalarial quinazoline alkaloid febrifugine 01YGK569. 

Febrifugine (9) is perhaps one of the most interesting quinazoline alkaloids. Information on this alkaloid has been summarized in the earlier reviews published in this treatise (1,2) readers are also referred to the authoritative book by Armarego (33). The antimalarial activity of 9 especially provided a strong stimulus for the synthesis and biological screening of a vast number of quinazoline derivatives. 

Quinazoline alkaloids are known as biologically active compounds. Arbor-ine inhibits the peripheral action of acetylcholine and induces a fall in blood pressure. Febrifugine is an antimalarial agent, and vasicine acts as a uterine stimulant. Glomerin and homoglomerin are alkaloids of the defensive system in some organisms (e.g., in the glomerid millipede). 

Antimalarial Quinazoline Alkaloids Having a Piperidine Ring. 146... 

Febrifugine is the first alkaloid to be isolated from a member of the Saxifragaceae, and it is the first known alkaloid outside the cinchona group to possess marked antimalarial activity. Its quinazoline structure is of particular interest in view of the recorded antimalarial activity of some synthetic quinazolines (49). A number of synthetic analogues of XXXII have been prepared and tested as antimalarials (51). 

A hypotensive red alkaloid isolated from the Brazilian plant Hortia arborea England was called hortiamine. One of the most potent nonprotein neurotoxin tetrodotoxin was isolated from certain varieties of the Japanese puffer fish. Several quinazoline derivates show antimalarial properties against Plasmodium gallinace-um. The most effective was 6-chloro-2-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-/7-pyrimidin-2 -ylsulfa-moylphenylquinazoline [28]. 

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