Quercus coccifera

Oaks and especially Quercus coccifera are host plants for Kermes ilicis, producing the red kermes pigment. In Asia, the Laccifer lacca insects that grow on trees like Schleichera oleosa, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Butea monsperma are the sources of the red lac dye. - ... 

Manetas, Y. et al.. Exposed red anthocyanic leaves of Quercus coccifera display shade characteristics, Funct Plant Biol, 30, 265, 2003. 

Kermes. Insect (female) living on the host plant kermes or scarlet oak (Quercus coccifera L.)... 

Bupleurum rigidum is a perennial plant (Hemicryptophyte) showing a West-Mediterranean distribution. This species is abundant in open zones of holm-oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) and hermes-oak (Quercus coccifera) xerofitic woods and gall-oak (Quercus faginea) mesoxerofitic... 

KHENNOUF, S., BENABDALLAH, H., GHARZOULI, K., AMIRA, S., ITO, H., KIM, T. H., YOSHIDA, T., GHARZOULI, A., Effect of tannins from Quercus suber and Quercus coccifera leaves on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 1469-1473. 

The dyestuff, which is also called scarlet or carmine, may be obtained from the dried female kermes scale-insects (various species, e.g. Kermes ver-milio and Kermococcus ilicis L.) by extraction with ethanol (Fig. 2.19). Ker-mesic acid serves as an ant repellent to these insects living on Kermes oaks Quercus coccifera) in the Mediterranean. [50] The Polish cochineal (Por-phyrophora polonica L.), which lives on the roots of a member of the carnation family (Perennial knawel, Scleranthusperennis), was first mentioned in 812 in Charlemagne s Capitulare. It was also known as Saint John s blood , because harvesting began by tradition on the feast-day of St John the Baptist (June 24) (Fig. 2.20). 

Ito, H., Yamaguchi, K., Kim, T.-H., Khennouf, S., Gharzouli, K. Yoshida, T. (2002). Dimeric and trimeric hydrolyzable tannins from Quercus coccifera and Quercus suber. Journal of Natural Products, 65, 339-345. 

Karageorgou, P. Manetas, Y. (2006). The importance of being red when young anthocyanins and the protection of young leaves of Quercus coccifera from insect herbivory and excess light. Tree Physiology, 26, 613-621. 

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