Quantum numbers interpretation

The trends in chemical and physical properties of the elements described beautifully in the periodic table and the ability of early spectroscopists to fit atomic line spectra by simple mathematical formulas and to interpret atomic electronic states in terms of empirical quantum numbers provide compelling evidence that some relatively simple framework must exist for understanding the electronic structures of all atoms. The great predictive power of the concept of atomic valence further suggests that molecular electronic structure should be understandable in terms of those of the constituent atoms. 

The structural interpretation of the principal quantum number of nucleonic orbital wave functions and the structural basis provided by the close-packed-spheron theory for the neutron and proton magic numbers are discussed in notes submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters and Nature (L. Pauling, 1965). 

The spin quantum number, m can have two possible values, +Vi or These are interpreted as indicating the two opposite directions in which the electron can spin, T and l. 

In late fall 1925, the Dutch physicists G. Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit gave a physical interpretation to Pauli s postulate of a fourth quantum number. The electron, they proposed, may spin in one of two directions. In a given atom, a pair of electrons having three identical quantum-number values must have their spin axes oriented in opposite directions, and if paired oppositely in a single orbital, they neutralize each other magnetically. 22... 

The spin (angular momentum) quantum number ms. In their interpretation of many features of atomic spectra Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit (1925) proposed for the electron a new property called spin angular momentum (or simply spin) and assumed that only two states of spin were possible. In relativistic (four-dimensional) quantum mechanics this quantum number is related to the symmetry properties of the wave function and may have one of the two values designated as A. 

The extension of the quantum-mechanic interpretation of the vibrational motion of atoms to a crystal lattice is obtained by extrapolating the properties of the diatomic molecule. In this case there are 3 ( independent harmonic oscillators (9l is here the number of atoms in the primitive unit cell—e.g., fayalite has four... 

Electronic Molecular Spectra.—In general the absorption and emission spectra of molecules involve change in the electronic quantum numbers as well as in the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. These molecular spectra are complex, and their interpretation is diffi-... 

K. Yamanouchi Recently, we investigated the interatomic potential VRyd(/ ) of the Rydberg states of a HgNe van der Waals dimer by optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that VRyd(/ ) sensitively varies as a function of the principal quantum number n [J. Chem. Phys., 98, 2675 (1993) ibid., 101, 7290 (1995) ibid., 102, 1129 (1995)], and in the lowest Rydberg states of Hg(7 3S )Ne and Hg(7 5o)Ne, the interatomic potentials exhibit a distinct barrier at around R 4 A. The existence of the barrier was interpreted in terms of a repulsive interaction caused by the Is Rydberg... 

An alternate model has been proposed (296-298) that attempts to interpret the data in terms of a single mixed state. For this model S is no longer a good quantum number. The unpaired electron spin density at the metal and the wave function that represents the single state are functions of temperature and pressure. This latter model was considered as a possibility by Leipoldt and Coppens. In their structure of the Fe(Et2Dtc)3 complex at 297 and 79°K they attempted an analysis of the temperature parameters at 297°K. The analysis could not distinguish between a mixed-spin state and a mixture of two different spin states (403). 

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