Quantized Redshifts

In conclusion, there is good reasons to believe that the rudimentary vacuum physics described in this chapter represents a potentially sound foundation for the study of (at least) the discrete dynamical states phenomenology. Given that it stretches incredulity to believe that two sets of new physics are indicated by the two phenomenologies described, it also seems quite possible that this vacuum phsyics has the potential to address the quantized redshift phenomenology as well. 

That the differential redshifts between galaxies in groups (obtained by subtracting redshifts in pairs) were quantized in steps of 72 km/s... 

That the redshifts of galaxies measured with respect to our own galactic center were quantized in steps of 36 km/s... 

Subsequently, Tifft has formed increasingly complex hypotheses, claiming to see evidence for increasingly refined hierarchical systems of redshift quantization. Irrespective of whether there is anything substantive in his claims, Tifft failed to do the one absolutely necessary thing perform a totally rigorous analysis of a single well-defined hypothesis that could withstand any criticism directed at it. 

This work had given Napier considerable expertise in the analysis of phenomena that appear as potentially periodic, and it was this aspect of the Tifft claim that aroused his interest. Napier s personal view, then, was that the whole thing was probably nonsense and that the claimed periodicities would evaporate under rigorous investigation (private communications). Unlike Tifft, who simply set out to look for redshift quantization at any periodicity, Napier, and co-worker Guthrie, started with Tifft s specific claim that such a quantization existed with a period of 36 km/s—thus, he was in the quite different business of testing a specific well-defined hypothesis. For the sake of simplicity, I will not consider the equally important 72-km/s claim, since the story is essentially similar. 

A spiral galaxy, such as M51, shown in Plate 5.1 has a structure, which is self-similar to the generating spiral of the solar system. Major stars in the spiral arms are expected to occupy quantized orbits like the planets in the solar system. This conjecture is confirmed by the observation of two distinct redshifts in the light from the different arms of M51 and other spiral galaxies. More importantly the jump in redshifts tends to have a constant value for all of these galaxies (Tifft Cocke, 1987). 

Even without knowing the cause of galactic redshifts their quantum nature rules out the Doppler interpretation and conhrms that galaxies have structures self-similar to that of the solar system. The major source of galactic light is stars on characteristically quantized orbits around the galactic... 

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