Quantification of Efficiency

Several quantities are used to define the efficiency of a catalytic process. One of these quantities, which refers to the output of the catalyst, is the turnover number. The turnover number is the number of moles of product per mole of catalyst (Equation 14.3). Commodity-scale reactions such as rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation occur with hundreds of thousands of turnover numbers, whereas other reactions that are less developed might occur with 10 to 20 turnovers. A second quantity is turnover frecjuency. Turnover frequency is the number of moles of product per mole of catalyst per unit time, in other words, turnover numbers per unit time (Equation 14.4). Because the rates of reactions change 

Turnover number (TON) = moles of product/moles of catalyst Turnover frequency (TOP) = TON/time 

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