Quantachrome 176, Nova

Samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Shimadzu XRD-6000 diriiactometer (CuKa radiation), physical adsorption of nitrogen on a Quantachrome NOVA 1000, Fourier transform iniiared (FTIR) spectroscopy on a Biorad spectrometer using the KBr method, Raman spectroscopy on a Bruker FRA 106/S FT-Raman spectrometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on a Joel JSM-5600LV. 

Testing procedure. The automated instruments (e.g., Quantachrome NOVA 1000 or Micrometries Gemini 2360) are used for rapid surface determination. The physical adsorption of nitrogen or other inert gas should be conducted at a pressure which is within the range of linearity. 

The BET surface area of powder samples was determined by applying the standard Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method to the nitrogen adsorption isotherm obtained at -196°C using a Quantachrome, Nova 2000e (Boynton Beach, FL) instrument... 

Quantachrome Nova 1000 Automatic static N2 Volume 0.01-103 2 Multiple Physical... 

The surface area measurements were performed by adsorption, using nitrogen as the adsorbate. The samples were previously degassed to below 50 mmHg at room temperature and the analyses were performed at 77 K, using liquid nitrogen. The equilibrium interval was 5 s. The surface area was calculated using the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T.) method. Pore volume and area distributions based on BJH calculation (8) were evaluated by the B.E.T. apparatus software (NOVA 1200-Quantachrome). 

Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms were measured at 77 3 K using a commercial volumetric adsorption system Autosorb-1 or NOVA-1200 (both from Quantachrome Corp ). The samples were outgassed at 10" Torr and 573 K for 3 h prior to the analysis X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained on PW 1840 diffractometer (Phillips), with Co Ka radiation, 40 KV, 25 mA. 

OMNISORP Series, Beckman Coulter, USA ASAP 2400 , Flo wSorb 2300 , Micromeritics Autosorb-1 , nova 1000 , Quantachrome, USA Grimm 100 , Labortechnik, Germany Sorpty 1750 , Sorptomatic , Carlo Erba, Italy... 

Samples of pure silica matrix and the sol gel-encapsulated CGTase were analyzed with the NOVA 1200 Quantachrome equipment to obtain the particles superficial area, pore mean diameter, and volume. 

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area BET measurements were conducted using a micrometries adsorption equipment (Quantachrome instrument, model Nova 2000, USA) determining nitrogen (99.99% purity) as the analysis gas and the catalyst samples were slowly heated to 300 for 3 hours under nitrogen atmospheric. Prior to analysis each precursors and catalyst and after reaction catalysts measurements specific surface area was evacuated at -196°C for 66 minutes. 

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