Pyrroline carboxylic acid

He isoleucine, Kyn kynurenine, Leu leucine, Lys lysine, Met methionine, MTHFR 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, Orn ornithine, p plasma, P5C pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, PEA phosphoethanolamine, Phe phenylalanine, P-Hyl O-phosphohydroxylysine, Pip pipecolic acid, Pro proline, Sacch saccharopine, Sar sarcosine, Ser serine,... 

Oxaloacetate + Glutamate Glutamate + NH3 Glutamate + NAD+ + H20 Succinate semialdehyde + Glutamate Pyruvate + Glutamate A1-Pyrroline 5-carboxylic acid... 

Fig. 1.3 Reactions showing synthesis of glutamate in brain. Aspartate aminotransferase (1) glu-taminase (2) glutamate dehydrogenase (3) GABA aminotransferase (4) alanine aminotransferase (5) ornithine aminotransferase (6) Al-pyrroline 5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase (7) and asparagine synthetase (8)...

A. Pyrimine (L-5(2-pyridyl)-2-amino-5-ketopentanoic acid l-2(2-pyridyl)-A1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid 119)... 

However, following its formation, the semialdehyde undergoes a spontaneous cyclization and is converted to a A -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), a proline precursor. 

The characteristic spectral pattern has helped to identify the first naturally occuring diimine ligand, 2-(2 -pyridyl)-/dt-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (87). 

Glutamyl-5-semialdehyde - A -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid + HjO L-Proline NADCP)" 5-oxidoreductase (E.C. 1.5.1.2)... 

Fig. 3. Proline and arginine synthesis and degradation to show interrelationships between the pathways. The structures are glutamic acid (GLU), ornithine (ORN), citrulline (CIT), arginine (ARG), urea. 2-oxo-5-amino valeric acid (OAV), A -pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid (P2C), proline (PRO), A -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), glutamic semialdehyde (GSA).

Incorporation of D,L-[5- C]A -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid into Nicotine in Nicotiana rustica... 

J -Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid can be separated from J -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid on silica gel G layers, using chloroform-methanol-concentrated ammonium hydroxide (50 + 25 + 25) [51]. 

Increased blood levels are found in the rare inborn errors, the hyperprolinaemias. The metabolic defect in type I hyper-prolinaemia is an absence of proline oxidase, the first enzyme of the proline degradative pathway. A deficiency of A -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase, another enzyme involved in proline degradation, may be responsible for type II hyper-prolinaemia. 

The acetone powder extracts also contained an enzyme that reduced hydroxyglutamic semialdehyde to hydroxyproline, with DPNH serving as the electron donor 177c). It appears that this enzyme is the same as A -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid reductase 177a-d). 

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