Pyroelectric microscopy

GJ. Klap, S.M. van Klooster, M. Wubbenhorst, J.C. Jansen, H. van Bekkum, and J. van Turahout., Polarization Reversal in AlP04-5 Crystals Containing Polar or Nonpolar Organic Molecules a Scanning Pyroelectric Microscopy Study. J. Phys. Chem. B, 1998, 102, 9518-9524. 

Fig. 2 Experimental setup for scanning pyroelectric microscopy (SPEM). As indicated, the sample may consist of two domains of opposite polarization. Local heating in either domain of polarization produces excess charges at both ends of the polar axis. This induces a current flow in the outer circuit. Opposite polarity is seen because of a change in the current direction.

Quintel, A. Hulliger. 3. Wiibbenhorst, M. Analysis of the polarization distribution in a polar perhydrotriphenylene inclusion compound by scanning pyroelectric microscopy. J. Phys. Chem.. B 1998, 102. 4277-4283. 

Bias-induced reverse piezoelectric response Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) Dielectric permittivity spectrum Dielectric resonance spectroscopy Elastic modulus Ferroelectrets Electrical breakdown Acoustic method Characterization Dynamic coefficient Interferometric method Pressure and frequency dependence of piezoelectric coefficient Profilometer Quasistatic piezoelectric coefficient Stress-strain curves Thermal stability of piezoelectricity Ferroelectric hysteresis Impedance spectroscopy Laser-induced pressure pulse Layer-structure model of ferroelectret Low-field dielectric spectroscopy Nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy Piezoelectrically generated pressure step technique (PPS) Pyroelectric current spectrum Pyroelectric microscopy Pyroelectricity Quasistatic method Scale transform method Scanning pyroelectric microscopy (SPEM) Thermal step teehnique Thermal wave technique Thermal-pulse method Weibull distribution... 

Batagiannis A, Wiibbenhorst M, Hulliger J (2010) Piezo- and pyroelectric microscopy. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sei 14 9... 

Beause of simpUdty of (he PPES method, shown in Figures 15 and 16, sad high sensitivity, this method has already been applied in various fields such as theraaal wave scanning microscopy [28], thermal diffiisivity measurement 29, phase-transitkM diase study [30], and so oa. In all cases the pyroelectric device for ea design uses PVDF film. 

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