Pyridine 3- -1,2,4-triazine

Sulfotransferase activity is not restricted to minoxidil. The ability of other pyrimidine-, as well as pyridine-, triazine- and imidazole N-oxides to serve as substrates was investigated using soluble liver preparation and PAPS. The variety of structures studied indicated that heteroaromatic N-oxides are generally metabolized by sulfotransferases183. Presumably, all of the heterocycles tested were conjugated via their N-oxide oxygens. 

The Boger pyridine synthesis involves the reaction of triazine 1 with activated alkene 2 in a hetero-Diels-Alder fashion. The intermediate bicyclic species 3 is unstable and a facile cycloreversion takes place due to the loss of nitrogen gas to afford the appropriately substituted pyridine derivative 4. 

With this foundation, Boger communicated the use of 1,2,4-triazines as a dependable, azadiene equivalent for Diels-Alder approaches to substituted pyridines. Electron rich olefin 19, prepared from the corresponding ketone, was allowed to... 

Applieation of this theory to the Boger pyridine synthesis reveals that it is a LUMOdiene-controlled Diels-Alder reaetion. Sinee the 1,2,4-triazine is eleetron defieient as a result of the ring nitrogen atoms, one must pair this diene with eleetron rieh dienophiles to allow optimal HOMO-LUMO pairing for this reaetion to beeome faeile. 

Boger developed his pyridine synthesis out of a need to eonstruet a pentasubstituted pyridine in an approach to the formal total synthesis of antitumor antibiotic streptonigrin 44. The requisite triazine 48 was produeed by using this methodology in an iterative sense with two different aza-heteroeyeles. Reaetion of thioamidate 46 with tetrazine 47, in a eyeloaddition/eyeloreversion sequenee, afforded 1,2,4-triaziene 48. Exposure of enamine 49 to 48 resulted in the formation of 50. This compound was elaborated into a eompound that intereepted Kende s synthesis of 44. ... 

The synthesis of phomazarin 54 utilized the highly oxygenated alkene 52 paired with triazine 51 to produce 53. Further manipulations transformed this fully substituted pyridine into 54. 

In an approach to the AB rings of rubrolone 65, Boger examined the use of oxazinones as a replacement for triazines. Reaction of l,3-oxazin-6-one 66 with enamines 67 produced the corresponding pyridines 70. The reaction proceeds in a manner analogous to the triazines however, instead of losing nitrogen, these systems lose CO2 via the intermediate bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes 68. The resultant 69 then loses pyrrolidine as in the triazine example. 

Microwave irradiation generates pyridine 98 from triazine 97 and enamine 67. Again, the new technology reduces reaction time and the alternative conditions provide reaction manifolds not obtainable using traditional methods. ... 

In this solvent the reaction is catalyzed by small amounts of trimethyl-amine and especially pyridine (cf. 9). The same effect occurs in the reaction of iV -methylaniline with 2-iV -methylanilino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine. In benzene solution, the amine hydrochloride is so insoluble that the reaction could be followed by recovery. of the salt. However, this precluded study mider Bitter and Zollinger s conditions of catalysis by strong mineral acids in the sense of Banks (acid-base pre-equilibrium in solution). Instead, a new catalytic effect was revealed when the influence of organic acids was tested. This was assumed to depend on the bifunctional character of these catalysts, which act as both a proton donor and an acceptor in the transition state. In striking agreement with this conclusion, a-pyridone is very reactive and o-nitrophenol is not. Furthermore, since neither y-pyridone nor -nitrophenol are active, the structure of the catalyst must meet the conformational requirements for a cyclic transition state. Probably a concerted process involving structure 10 in the rate-determining step... 

Reagent P-K a 2-Chloro- pyrimidine 2-Chloro- 3-nitro- pyridine 2-Chloro- 5-nitro- pyridine 2,4-Dichloro- phenylamino-s-triazine ... 

The catalytic effect of protons has been noted on many occasions (cf. Section II,D,2,c) and autocatalysis frequently occurs when the nucleophile is not a strong base. Acid catalysis of reactions with water, alcohols, mercaptans, amines, or halide ions has been observed for halogeno derivatives of pyridine, pyrimidine (92), s-triazine (93), quinoline, and phthalazine as well as for many other ring systems and leaving groups. An interesting displacement is that of a 4-oxo group in the reaction of quinolines with thiophenols, which is made possible by the acid catalysis. 

Statements in the hterature on the reactivity of the ring-positions in monocyclic azines are conflicting. Reactivity is said to be greater at the position ortho (or alpha) than at the position para (or gamma) to an azine nitrogen 2-> 4-position in pyridine and pyrimidine and 3-> 5-position in as-triazine. By others, the... 

The 3-amino-8-oxo derivative of 1,2,4,5,7-pentaazanaphthalene (475) is known as well as various 3-substituted derivatives of the 6,8-dioxo compound. The 3-methylthio- and 3-ethylthio-6,8-dioxo derivatives and their 7-methyl and 5,7-dimethyl analogs were prepared by ring-closure. 3-Ethylthiopyrimido[4,5-e]-as-triazine-6,8-dione was 3-substituted with alkali 2N, 100°, > 30 min) or acid 2N, 100°, < 2 hr, 70% yield) and with ammonia, aniline, piperidine, or monoalkylamines (in pyridine, 115°, 4 hr, 75-85% yield). ... 

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