Pyrethroid metabolism neurotoxicity

Pyrethroids. Pyrethroids, such as natural pyrethrins and synthetic analogs, allethrin, permethrin, and others, are well known for their neurotoxicity (48-59). However, as a major class of insecticide, they have a remarkable safety margin for mammals, principally because of the rapid metabolic degradation of pyrethroids in mammalian species (48-50). The acute toxicity of pyrethroids involves two distinct syndromes in rats and mice (49-51). The first one, T syndrome or tremor (Type I), is characterized by a rapid onset of tremor, initially in the limbs and gradually extending over the whole body. Death is associated with clonic seizures. The second... 

The sections on the metabolism and neurotoxicity of the pyrethroids in this review provide a starting point that feeds into the physiological and biochemical parameters that are needed to develop PBPK/PD models for assessing risks to the pyrethroids. The development of such pyrethroid model parameters requires knowledge of their discovery, chemistry, chirality, their isomers, and their chromatographic separation. To this end. Sect. 2 above (viz.. Nature of Pyrethroid Insecticides) was developed with a listing of 15 of the most important pyrethroids... 

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