Pygidial glands

Marginalin [96] 18 (Scheme 3), a yellow pigment from pygidial glands of Dytiscus marginalise was found to fix solidly on a variety of supports. When... 

Defensive Compounds. The sweetish smell of Noterus species is due to the presence of phenyl acetic acid 14 as the main constituent of the pygidial gland secretion. Furthermore, some additional aromatics and 3-indole acetic acid 30 could be identified [82,104]. 

Defensive Compounds. The pygidial gland secretion of Hygrobia hermanni contains unusual 2-hydroxy acids such as 2-hydroxyhexanoic 31 acid and 2-hy-droxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid 32. The compounds may form lactides 33, which are the oxygen-analogues of diketopiperazins. Traces of benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde could be identified [104]. 

Borg-Karlsson et al. [110] showed that the pygidial gland secretions of certain Gyrinus species may contain volatiles which act as intra- and interspecific alarm signals. 

Dusham, E. H. (1918). The dorsal pygidial glands of the female cockroach, Blattella germanica. Canadian Entomologist 50 278-280. 

Happ G. M. and Happ C. M. (1973) Fine structure of the pygidial glands of Bledius mandibularis (Coleoptera Staphylinidae). Tissue Cell 5, 215-231. 

Actinidine (91) is produced by several insects. It was found to be a component of the ants Iridomyrmex discors [267], and I. purpureus [268], Pygidial gland secretions of the ant Tapinoma melanocephalum contained 91, and the alkaloid was repellent to worker ants of this species [269], Actinidine was identified in a defensive secretion of the stick insect Megacrania alpheus [270], and it was present in trace amounts in the defensive secretion of rove beetles [271] and leaf beetles [272]. Ventral glands of Nematus sawfly larvae also contained low levels of 91 [273],... 

Gyrinidal. C,4)1,303, Mr 234.30. Defence substance of water beetles (Carabidae) of the genera Gyrinus and Dineutes produced in the so-called pygidial glands... 

Rove beetles of the genus Stems Latreille biosynthesize the piperidine alkaloid stenusine in their pygidial glands, which are located in the last three segments of their abdomen. 

Gentisic acid glycosides act as leaf movement factors in Mimosa species (E 2.2). Gallic acid is an inhibitor of flowering in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (E 2.2). Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid as well as protocatechuic acid methyl and ethyl esters are secreted from the pygidial glands of water beetles as antiseptics and feeding deterrents (E 5.1). 

Benzoic acid derivatives Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid methyl and ethyl esters, hydroquinone (D 22.2.5) Hydroquinone (D 22.2.5), H2O2 Secreted from the pygidial glands of the water beetles Dytiscus sp., feeding deterrent, antiseptic Synthesized in glands of the bombardier beetles Brachynus sp. (Fig. 338)... 

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