Puzzling Line Shapes

Reeder and Rieger6 used ESR spectra to identify complex ions and to estimate formation constants for aqueous oxovanadium(iv) complexes with lactic acid, thiolactic acid, glycolic acid, and thioglycolic acid. Through the use of second-harmonic detection, which produces second-derivative spectra, the resolution was good enough that several of the individual species could be separately 

Peak I was assigned to the superposition of peaks resulting from V0(H20)52+ and VO(HA)(H20)3 + peak II was assigned to V0(HA)2(H20), and peak III to the superposition of V0(A)(H20)3 and V0(A)(HA)(H20). From the variation in peak heights with pH, a reasonable set of formation constants was deduced for each of the complexes. 

Atherton, Electron Spin Resonance Theory and Practice, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1973, section 3.12. For solutions through fourth-order see also R.W. Fessenden and R.H. Schuler, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 2704. 

Rieger, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry Library, ed. W.C. Trogler, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, vol. 22, ch. 8. 

The anisotropies that lead to line broadening in isotropic ESR spectra influence solid-state spectra more directly. Accordingly a more complex spin Hamiltonian is required to interpret such spectra  

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We have studied color, line, shape, texture, and value contrast as the elements that, together, make a complete work of art. These are the puzzle pieces that fit together to make the entire picture. There are many ways to use these pieces to compose a work of art. In the next chapter we use new techniques to organize the five elements into a pleasing work of art. The same puzzle pieces will be placed together in new ways, with interesting results. 

Motivated by a puzzling shape of the coexistence line, Kierlik et al. [27] have investigated the model with Lennard-Jones attractive forces between fluid particles as well as matrix particles and have shown that the mean spherical approximation (MSA) for the ROZ equations provides a qualitatively similar behavior to the MFA for adsorption isotherms. It has been shown, however, that the optimized random phase (ORPA) approximation (the MSA represents a particular case of this theory), if supplemented by the contribution of the second and third virial coefficients, yields a peculiar coexistence curve. It exhibits much more similarity to trends observed in... 

In the study of chemistry, the atom is the basic structure of matter and protons, electrons, and neutrons are basic subatomic particles. In the study of art, design is the basis of an artistic arrangement, and color is one element of design. The design of a work of art includes not only color but also line, texture, light and dark contrast, and shape. However, color is the element of design that arouses the most appreciation and is the element to which we are most sensitive. Even one who is puzzled by modem art usually finds its color exciting and attractive. One may question the use of distortion of shape but will seldom object to the use of color and may like a work of art solely for its use of color. 

Good composition is much the same The pieces of this puzzle are the elements of design—line, texture, light-and-dark contrast, shape, and color. Any composition, whether two- or three-dimensional, should use the elements of design to achieve the following ... 

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