Purpose and Process Essence of Distillation

Distillation is the oldest and the most universal process of chemical technology and other branches of industry incorporating separation of mixtures. 

Practically, all natural substances and substances produced in the chemical reactors are mixtures that do not have the properties required for using them in techniques and for household needs. These mixtures should be separated into components or groups of components. 

If the composition of the boiling liquid and that of the vapor over it are quite close (e.g., xylene isomers or isotope separation), there is substantial energy consumption, which results in high capital costs. 

It is impossible to conduct the distillation process in the case of azeotropic composition (i.e., if the composition of the boiling hquid and that of the vapor are identical). 

If the detrimental chemical reactions take place at the boiling temperature of mixture (i.e., the mixture is thermolabUe), it is also impossible to run the distillation 

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