Purified water deaeration

Make volume to 1.0 L with purified water and mix well under vacuum for at least 15 minutes to ensure product uniformity and to deaerate the product. 

A reactor was charged with the step 4 product (0.96 g), 2,2 -bipyridyl (0.55 g), and THF (80 g). After deaeration, bis(l,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (1.05 g) was added and the mixture heated to 60°C for 1.5 hours and then cooled and precipitated in 300 ml of ion exchange water. The precipitate was isolated and then dissolved in chloroform, filtered, and purified by passing through a column filled with alumina. The polymer was reprecipitated in methanol, reisolated, dried, and 0.5 g of product isolated having an Mn of 7.3 x 10s Da. 

The potassium bromide and sodium chloride, with > 99.5% purity, were obtained from Merck and used as received. The water used in the experiments was first pre-treated with a Milli-RO 10 Plus system and further purified with a Milli-Q PLUS 185 system. When used in the surface force apparatus it was deaerated for at least one hour using a water jet pump. All glassware was cleaned by Hellmanex... 

All the operations must be carried out under a very pure nitrogen atmosphere (02 s 2 ppm V), using a high vacuum/nitrogen apparatus. Distilled water and solvents are carefully deaerated under vacuum and saturated with nitrogen before use. These latter and KOH may be laboratory grade. The Cr(CO)6 is obtained commercially (Fluka or Merck), and is purified by sublimation in static vacuum at 60-70° before use. 

A glass fluid cell of 0.2 ml volume (Digital Instruments) was used for the electrochemical AFM measurements. The counter electrode and reference electrode were a Pt wire and an Ag/AgCl electrode, respectively. The area of exposed electrode in contact with the solution was about 0.32 cm. The electrolyte solutions for electrochemical AFM measurements were prepared by using reagent-grade chemicals (Wako Pure Chemicals) and Milli-Q water. The solution was deaerated by passing purified N2 gas for at least 20 min prior to the experiment. 

Extremely simple fluids are used for the aqueous, alkaline, and organic phases. Deaerated distilled water purified by a Milli-Q nucleopore membrane and CP reagent grade chemicals were used for the preparation of alkaline and saline solutions. A... 

C.2.1 Copper and Copper Alloys 500 mL hydrochloric acid (HCl, spgr 1.19) Reagent water to make 1000 mL 1 to 3 min 20 to 25°C Deaeration of solution with purified nitrogen will minimize base metal removal. 

The electrolyte solutions were prepared by using reagent grade chemicals (Wako Pure Chemicals) and Milli-Q water. The solution was deaerated by passing purified Nj gas for at least 20 min prior to the experiment. 

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