Punctual operations

Perhaps the ideal validation program of extreme cycles would consist of varying the independent operating parameters one by one, in order to determine how a punctual change impacts the freeze-drying trace and the final product. Unfortunately, such an extensive testing is usually unrealizable, and therefore a minimum program must be defined. 

Once again it is a pleasure to acknowledge the ready co-operation of my colleagues in the preparation of this Report, and my indebtedness to them for the efforts they made to ensure the punctual submission of their manuscripts. 

We define as punctual an operation that is applied to a single pixel via a mathematical function g(v) where v is the brightness value of the pixel. Examples of such operations are the inverter or negative image, the windowing, and the LUT (Look Up Table) operation. 

The major objectives can be summarized as follows provide a long-term solution to the current urban transportation problems of Istanbul relieve existing operating problems on the mainline railway services provide direct connection of railway system between Asia and Europe Increase capacity, reliability, accessibility, punctuality and safety on the rail services reduce railway length and ttavel time and reduce air pollution. 

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