Pulvinal

Karra-Chaabouni, M., Pulvin, S., Meziani, A. et al. (2003) Biooxidation of n-hexanol by alcohol oxidase and catalase in biphasic and micellar systems without solvent. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 81 (1), 27-32. 

Lissolo, T., Pulvin, S. and Thomas, D. (1984) Reactivation of the hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio gigas by hydrogen. Influence of redox potential. J. Biol. Chem., 259, 11725-9. 

Pulvinal Chiesi Reservoir Mechanical, patient inspiration... 

Meakin BJ, Ganderton D, Panza I, Ventura P. The effect of flow rate on drug delivery from the Pulvinal, a high-resistance dry powder inhaler. J Aerosol Med 1998 ll(3) 143-52. 

The tropical fungus Scleroderma sinnamariense has afforded methyl 2, 5 -dichloro-4,4 -di-0-methylatromentate (2196) (1979), and the related pulvinic acid derivative methyl 3, 5,-dichloro-4.4 -di-0-methylatromentate (2197) was isolated from the fruiting body of a Scleroderma sp. ( poison puff ball ) (1980). A New Zealand Chamonixia pachydermis has yielded pachydermin (2198) (1981). 

Arnold N, Steglich W, Besl H (1996) Derivatives of Pulvinic Acid in the Genus Scleroderma. Z Mykol 62 69... 

Simple alkylated polyhydroxyterphenyls like penioflavin (114), isolated from Peniophora sanguinea, can be derived formally from a C-18 terphenylquinone as precursor and subsequent formation of a new carbon-carbon bond [94]. The biosynthesis of xylerithrin (118) and related pigments from P. sanguinea, according to the studies of Von Massow [113, 114], requires the insertion of a third unbranched phenylpropanoid unity on a pulvinic acid intermediate derived from a terphenylquinone, as indicated in Scheme 2. 

A new synthetic approach uses 2-arylazo-2,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofurans. After hydrogenolysis and cyclization, 1,4-dihydropy-ridazines 46 are obtained (79S790). Pulvinic lactone, a lichen metabolite,... 

Polyporic acid (1) is converted in 95 % yield into pulvinic acid dilactone (2) on... 

Tryptophan and its relative indolylpyruvic acid (3.42) have been shown to precursors of hinnuliquinone (3.41), which is a pigment of Nodulisporium hin-nuleum. Typical of many fungal indoles in which alkylation by a dimethylallyl or isopentenyl group has occurred, mevalonate was also a precursor. However, the stage at which prenylation of a monomer or a dimer took place was unclear. Asterriquinone (3.43) from Aspergillus terreus and cochliodinol (3.44) from Chaetomium cochliodes are similar metabolites. Fission of the hydroxyquinone in the latter followed by lactonization leads to cochliodinone (3.45) in a sequence that is similar to that which inter-relates the terphenyls and pulvinic acids described in Chapter 7. 

Cleavage of the hydroxyquinone ring system and relactonization affords another series of pigments known as the pulvinic acids, which may be exemplified by gomphidic acid (7.23). The dry-rot fungus, Serpula lacrimans, produces xerocomorubin (7.24), which is another example. These pulvinic acid moieties form part of a complex group of metabolites known as the badiones. They are... 

Diagnosis Colonies rather slow-growing, pulvinate, cottony, white hyphae slender, mostly 1.0-1.5 xm wide. Conidiophores scattered over... 

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