Pulse tube refrigerator

We will then describe the Collins helium liquefier and coolers which use turboexpanders (Linde He liquefier). At the end of the chapter, we will describe cooling cycles which use regenerators and other cycles used in cryocoolers (Philips-Stirling, Gifford-McMahon (GM), Klimenko cycles and pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs)). 

Fig. 5.19. History of temperatures reached with a pulse tube refrigerator.

Because of this effect, such a configuration of the PTR was called the double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator (DPTR). In 1994, Matsubara, using this configuration, reached 3.6 K with a three-stage PTR [82],... 

W.E. Gifford, R.C. Longsworth Pulse Tube Refrigeration, Trans. ASME, p. 264 (1964)... 

Fig. 6.16. Cross-cut of Uhlig s cryostat with pulse tube refrigerator, dilution unit and Joule-Thomson... 

CUORE refrigerator will not use cryogenic liquids five pulse tube refrigerators for the 45 K and the 4K shields, and a dry DR (see Section 6.7) for the 4K and lower temperature stages. 

The pulse tube refrigerator was originally developed by Gifford and Longs worth in 1963. There are presently two theoretical cycles for this refrigeration concept the basic compression cycle and the reversible cycle. 

The basic pulse tube refrigerator consists of a compressor, flow-reversing valve, regenerator, and an open tube. The latter serves as the pulse tube (see Fig. 4.33). The flow-reversing valve is located after the compressor and con-... 

Fig. 4.33. Basic pulse tube refrigerator with a temperature-position diagram shown below the corresponding components of the refrigerator. Legend 0-1, valve 1-2, regenerator 2-3, cold exchanger 3-4, pulse tube and 4-5, warm exchanger.

The reversible pulse tube refrigerator does not utilize a flow-reversing valve but raises and lowers the pressure in the system by means of a reversible piston. If all of the components of the system are assumed to be ideal, the work of compression would be about equal to the work of expansion. As the... 

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