Subcellular localization proteins

Yu C-S, Chen Y-C, Lu C-H, Hwang J-K. 2006. Prediction of protein subcellular localization. Proteins 64 643-651. 

Predicting Protein Subcellular Localization Using Intelligent Systems.261... 

Chapter 10—Predicting Protein Subcellular Localization Using Intelligent Systems In their chapter, Nair and Rost point out that, despite the challenges in correctly assessing the accuracy of subcellular localization prediction methods, there have been many improvements made in this area. Future improvements are likely to include the use of integrated prediction methods that combine the output from several programs to provide a comprehensive prediction of subcellular localization. 

Gardy, J. L., C. Spencer, K. Wang, M. Ester, G. E. Tusnady, I. Simon, S. Hua, et al. 2003. PSORT-B Improving protein subcellular localization prediction for Gramnegative bacteria Nucleic Acids Res 31 3613-7. 

Hua, S., and Z. Sun. 2001. Support vector machine approach for protein subcellular localization prediction. Bioinformatics 17 721-8. 

Transfected-cell arrays have been applied to several aspects of protein functional analysis. Cell array-driven protein subcellular localization studies were mentioned previously in this review. In another example, the combination of transfected-cell technology with the mammalian two-hybrid system led to a powerful tool for screening whole cDNA libraries for proteins interacting with the gene product used as bait. An advantage of this PPI screening system is that the assay is performed in mammalian cells. Thus, interactions dependent on PTMs can be detected (Fiebitz et al., submitted). 

Possible effects include both gain of protein function and loss of protein function. In inherited metabolic disorders, the most common effect is loss of protein function. Loss of function may be due to an alteration of DNA sequences critical to the protein s activity or function. For example, a mutation may reduce or abolish the catalytic properties of an enzyme. Loss of function may also be due to mutations that drastically decrease the protein s abundance in the cell. This includes mutations that alter DNA sequences critical to protein folding. Improper or misfolded proteins are unstable proteins that are flagged as aberrant and rapidly destroyed by the cells garbage system, the proteasomes. Mutations that result in the loss of protein expression or that alter protein subcellular localization are other causes of decreased protein abundance. 

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