Protein engineering overview

Protein Engineering Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology... 

Protein engineering encompasses a vast amount and wide variety of research. At least two textbooks (1,2) have been devoted exclusively to this topic, and several excellent reviews have been pubHshed (3,4). Herein, an overview of principles, an introduction to basic techniques, and a summary of results of representative experiments on protein engineering are provided. 

Fig. 9.11. Organizational overview and summary of protein engineering efforts on the poly-ketide synthetase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) framework, a) In both systems, the complete synthetases consist of multiple subunits encoded on individual genes. The subunits themselves are divided in modules which each catalyze the addition of one acylbuilding block (PKS) or amino acid (NRPS). The minimal module for PKSs is made up of three domains - a keto synthase (KS), an acyl transferase (AT), and an acyl carrier protein (ACP). In addition, modules can contain up to three modifying domains to derivatize (S-carbons on the...

Out of this academic pursuit, it was soon realized that these same techniques could also be used to (2) engineer proteins for desired improvements. Proteins are generally optimized to function in their native environments. As enzymes are to be increasingly employed in new situations, and in novel therapeutic applications, methods for the rapid and targeted improvements of proteins are required. This chapter will focus on the latter focus of protein engineering, and an attempt will be made to provide an overview of the state of the art of protein engineering, especially as it pertains to the field of biomedical engineering. 

Newiy engineered protein FIGURE 14.1 Overview of protein engineering. 

Each of these enzymes has advantages and disadvantages, and the properties of the enzyme will vary with the specific parent organism of the enzyme and depend on potential protein engineering of the enzyme. A brief overview of the enzymes commonly used in SMBG is provided below. An excellent review of enzymes used... 

Perez-Sala, D. (2007). Protein isoprenylation in biology and disease general overview and perspectives from studies with genetically engineered animals. Front Biosci 12 4456 472. 

Geigert, 1. (1990). Overview of the stability and handling of recombinant protein therapeutics. Genetic Engineering News April, 14. 

In summary, we believe to have presented an overview of recent achievements in the field of polymer membranes. Progress in the field is aroused by novel amphiphilic block copolymers, engineered transmembrane channel proteins, improved analytical methods to characterize the systems, and computational studies that help to understand polymer membrane properties. 

Amsden, B.G., and Goosen, M.F.A. (1995) Transdermal delivery of peptide and protein drugs an overview. American Institute for Chemical Engineers Journal, 41, 1972 1997. 

Grampp G E, Sambanis A, Stephanopoulos G N (1992). Use of regulated secretion in protein production from animal cells An overview. Adv. Biochem. Engin. Biotechnol. 46 35-62. 

---