Protamine sulphate injection

Heparin antagonism. Heparin effects wear off so rapidly that an antagonist is seldom required except after extracorporeal perfusion for heart surgery. Protamine, a protein obtained from fish sperm, reverses the anticoagulant action of heparin, when antagonism is needed. It is as strongly basic as heparin is acidic, which explains its immediate action. Protamine sulphate, 1 mg by slow i.v. injection, neutralises about 100 units of heparin derived from mucosa (mucous) or 80 units of heparin from lung ... 

The drug is a sterile suspension of Zinc-insulin crystals and protamine sulphate in buffered water for injection, usually combined in such a fashion that the solidphase of the suspension essentially comprises of crystals composed of insulin, protamine and zinc. 

The drug is a sterile suspension of insulin in buffered water for injection, that has been adequately modified by the addition of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and protamine sulphate. The protamine snlphate... 

Protamine sulphate has a pH of 3-4 and causes precipitation of diatrizoate acid. If, therefore, protamine is injected into a catheter containing diatrizoate in heparinized patients, it could cause a precipitate which might theoretically result in an embolus (40). 

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