Hydrogenation propylene

The 0X0 and aldol reactions may be combined if the cobalt catalyst is modified by the addition of organic—soluble compounds of 2inc or other metals. Thus, propylene, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide give a mixture of aldehydes and 2-ethylhexenaldehyde [123-05-7] which, on hydrogenation, yield the corresponding alcohols. 

Although not commercialized, both Elf Atochem and Rn hm GmbH have pubUshed on development of hydrogen fluoride-catalyzed processes. Norsolor, since acquired by Elf Aquitaine, had been granted an exclusive European Hcense for the propylene-hydrogen fluoride technology of Ashland Oil (99). Rn hm has patented a process for the production of isobutyric acid in 98% yield via the isomerization of isopropyl formate in the presence of carbon monoxide and hydrofluoric acid (100). 

In one example, the Tics of the non-crystalline methyl, methine and methylene carbons of iPP, 70% crystalline, were compared at room temperature with those of model atactic poly(propylene), hydrogenated poly(2-methyl-l,3-pentadiene) [163]. It was found that, within the experimental error, the Tic values of each of the carbons were the same in both polymers. The conclusion can then be reached that the fast segmental motion, at or near the Larmor frequency of... 

U.S. producers of, 12 666t uses for, 12 668-670 Propylene-hydrogen fluoride technology, 16 251... 

Fig. 30. Settings of independent variables for propylene hydrogenation for discriminating between Eqs. (7) and (8).

Trimm, D. L. and B. J. Cooper. 1973. Propylene hydrogenation over platinum/carbon molecular sieve catalysts. J. Cat. 31 287-92. 

The Horiuti-Polanyi reaction scheme shows that in the case of isobutane, the reaction scheme involves isobutyl and adsorbed olefin intermediates. Cremer et al. (49) identified 2-propyl, r-bonded propylene, and di-a-bonded propylene surface species on platinum during propylene hydrogenation. 

The products of reduction of salt anions are typically inorganic compounds like LiF, LiCl, Li20, which precipitate on the electrode surface. Reduction of solvents results, apart from the formation of volatile reaction products like ethylene, propylene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., in the formation of both insoluble (or partially soluble) components like Li2C03, semicarbonates, oligomers, and polymers.281 283 359 A combination of a variety of advanced surface (and bulk) analytical tools (both ex situ and in situ) is used286-321 332 344 352 353 360-377 to gain a comprehensive characterization... 

The reactor design for the propylene hydrogenation experiments of Shabaker (1965) is described here, as analyzed further by Lu (1988). 

Lu, Y. T., Reaction modeling of propylene hydrogenation oyer alumina-supported platinum, M.S. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison (1988). 

It has been known for many years that transition metals catalyze reactions of coordinated phosphines (2). Known reactions of phosphines as ligands include carbon-hydrogen lx)nd cleavage (cyclometalation), as well as direct carbon-phosphorus bond cleavage. Such metal-catalyzed reactions of phosphines lead to formation of new metal complexes which can affect catalyst properties. A known example is the reaction of triphenylphosphine to propyldiphenylphosphine during the rhodium-catalyzed propylene hydrogenation or hydroformylation (5). 

Scheme 1. Rhodium catalyzed aryl-aiyl and aryl-propyl interchange between tertiary phosphines during propylene hydrogenation. (Conations 130°C, 2.5 hours 1000 ppm Rh as Rh(CO)2acetylacetonate 2.5 wt. percent each triphenylphosphine and tris-para-tolylphosphine 100 psia H2 propylene toluene solvent.)...

Figure 2. Relative amounts of TPP-do,-di,-d2,-d3, formed by aryl interchange between molecules of TPP-di (detennined by mass spectral analysis) during continuous propylene hydrogenation. Conditions 105°C 300 ppm Rh 10 wt% TPP-dl 100 psia hydrogen propylene.

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