Proprietary 3-D weaving processes

Magnaweave was an early 3-D structure and described by Ko [47] with details of mechanical composite properties [48]. 

Autoweave [49] was a process developed by Brochier in France and licenced exclusively to Avco/Textron in the USA. The radial reinforcement in Autoweave is a screw-like reinforced phenolic resin rod, which is produced as a continuous stock, cut to length and inserted by computer control into an expendable low cost phenolic foam mandrel. The axial and circumferential reinforcements, which can be either dry fiber or a prepreg, are then positioned precisely in the radial corridors to produce a 3-D preform. 

A 3-D sandwich structure, sometimes referred to as Parabeam, consists of two bi-directional woven fabrics mechanically connected with vertical woven plies. The fabric 

Production process for 3-D and 2.5-D fabrics. Source Reprinted with permission from Verpoest I, Ivens J, van Vuure AW, Efetratiou V, Proceedings, TexComp-2, Leuven, May 17-19, 1994. Permission from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. 

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