Propranolol soluble salt

An alternative method to overcome the solubility problem mentioned in the last section is to use bile salts to solubilize lipophilic molecules in the donor wells. Figure 7.51 shows a plot of relative permeability (Pe without bildPe with bile) versus membrane retention, which is related to lipophilicity (Section 7.7.2). As the plot shows, the most lipophilic molecules (carvedilol, propranolol, and verapamil) have attenuated permeabilities (by a factor of 3 in the case of carvedilol). The effective partition coefficient between the PAMPA membrane phase and the aqueous phase containing bile salt micelles [577] is expected to be lower for lipophilic molecules, which should result in lower Pe values. This is evident in the figure. 

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