Propionaldehyde, catalytic hydrogenation

Propylamine, 1-Propanamine 1-aminopropsne. C,H,N mol wt 59.11. C 60.95%, H 15.35%, N 23.70%. CII3CH,CH2NH2 Prepn from propionaldehyde 4 ammonia with a Raney nickel catalyst Olin, Schwoegler, UJS, pat. 2,373,705 (1945 to Sharpies) by low pressure catalytic hydrogenation of nilropropnne Iffland, Cassis, J. Am. 

In the course of a study of a synthesis of dZ-pelletierine, Beets and Wibaut (498) discovered a new mode of preparation of 5-coniceine. The catalytic hydrogenation of j8-(2-pyridyl)-propionaldehyde diethyl acetal in glacial acetic acid solution over platinum leads to different products, depending on the concentration used. If the hydrogenation be carried out in concentrated solution, the product is dZ-pelletierine diethyl acetal, but if a dilute solution is used, 5-coniceine is obtained. Solutions of medium concentration afford mixtures of the two products. 

Oldenburg and Rase AIChE J., 3 (462), 1957] studied the catalytic vapor phase hydrogenation of propionaldehyde by making low conversion runs on a commercial supported... 

Aqueous phase reforming of glycerol in several studies by Dumesic and co-workers has been reported [270, 275, 277, 282, 289, 292, 294, 319]. The first catalysts that they reported were platinum-based materials which operate at relatively moderate temperatures (220-280 °C) and pressures that prevent steam formation. Catalyst performances are stable for a long period. The gas stream contains low levels of CO, while the major reaction intermediates detected in the liquid phase include ethanol, 1,2-pro-panediol, methanol, 1-propanol, propionic acid, acetone, propionaldehyde and lactic acid. Novel tin-promoted Raney nickel catalysts were subsequently developed. The catalytic performance of these non-precious metal catalysts is comparable to that of more costly platinum-based systems for the production of hydrogen from glycerol. 

The kinetics of the hydrogenation of propionaldehyde was investigated on different transition metals325. The catalytic activity of the metals studied changes in the sequence... 

The homogeneous complex RhCl(dpm)3 acts also as hydroformylation catalyst [159], Upon illumination of the catalytic photosystem Ru(bpy) +/ascorbic acid/RhCl(dpm)3- in the presence of ethylene and carbon monoxide, propionaldehyde is obtained as photoproduct. Similarly, propene yields the hydroformylation product butyraldeyde. The facts that no hydrogenation products are produced in this assembly, and that hydridocarbonyl-tris-(diphenylphos-phinobenzene-3-sulphonate) rhodium(I), RhHfCOXdpm) -, substitutes RhCl(dpm)3- as catalyst in the photosystem to yield the hydroformylation products at similar efficiency, suggest that the homogeneous catalyst RhClfdpmJj -is transformed into a new catalytic species under CO. A possible route for the interconversion of RhCl(dpm)3 into the hydroformylation catalyst is provided in Scheme 4. 

Oldenberg and Rase (13) studied the catalytic vapor-phase hydrogenation of propionaldehyde to propanol over a commercially snpported nickel catalyst. Their data indicate that at 150°C the mathematical form of the reaction rate (at very low conversions) can be expressed qnite well as... 

---