Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Hydrogen Bonding

Alcohols and phenols have nearly the same geometry as water. The R-O-H bond angle has an approximately tetrahedral value (109° in methanol, for example), and the oxygen atom is sp3-hybridized. 

A comparison of boiling points for some alkanes, chloroalkanes, and alcohols. Alcohols generally have the higher boiling points. 

Phenols, too, have elevated boiling points relative to hydrocarbons. Phenol itself, for instance, boils at 181.7°C, while toluene boils at 110.6=C. 

Ally alcohol fert-Butyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerol 

The word phenol is used both as the name of a specific substance (hydroxy-benzene) and as the family name for hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds, according to the rules discussed in Section 15.2. Note that -phenol is used as the parent name rather than -benzene. 

Problem 17.1 Give lUPAC names for the following compounds (a) OH OH (b) 

Problem 17.2 Draw structures corresponding to the following lUPAC names (a) 2-Ethyl-2-buten-l-ol (b) 3-Cyc ohexen-l-ol 

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Catalytic supercritical water oxidation is an important class of solid-catalyzed reaction that utilizes advantageous solution properties of supercritical water (dielectric constant, electrolytic conductance, dissociation constant, hydrogen bonding) as well as the superior transport properties of the supercritical medium (viscosity, heat capacity, diffusion coefficient, and density). The most commonly encountered oxidation reaction carried out in supercritical water is the oxidation of alcohols, acetic acid, ammonia, benzene, benzoic acid, butanol, chlorophenol, dichlorobenzene, phenol, 2-propanol (catalyzed by metal oxide catalysts such as CuO/ZnO, Ti02, MnOz, KMn04, V2O5, and Cr203), 2,4-dichlorophenol, methyl ethyl ketone, and pyridine (catalyzed by supported noble metal catalysts such as supported platinum). ... 

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