Progesterone pathway

Figure 42-5. Pathways of testosterone biosynthesis. The pathway on the left side of the figure is called the or dehydroepiandrosterone pathway the pathway on the right side is called the A" or progesterone pathway. The asterisk indicates that the 17a-hydroxy-lase and 17,20-lyase activities reside in a single protein, P450cl7.

Qu, J.-H., Hong, X., and Chen, J.-F. et al. (2008). Fenvalerate inhibits progesterone production through cAMP-dependent signal pathway. Toxicology Letters 176, 31-39. 

Recently, Voogt et al. [91] have reported on the d5-pathway in steroid metabolism of Asterias rubens. These workers established the existence of the d5-pathway (Scheme 20), analogous to the pathway found in mammals this conclusion was based on the observation that radiolabeled cholesterol (1) was converted to pregnenolone (112), 17a-hydroxypregnenolone (141), and androstenediol (142). Labeled pregnenolone was converted additionally to progesterone (129). Androstenediol (142) was the main metabolite of de-hydroepiandrosterone (143), a reaction catalyzed by 17/i-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17/1-HSD). The metabolic conversion of androstenedione (131) to testosterone (132) is also mediated by 17/J-HSD and is related to... 

Edwards DP, Wardell SE, Boonyaratanakornkit V (2002) Progesterone receptor interacting coregulatory proteins and cross talk with cell signaling pathways. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 83 173... 

Miglaccio A, Piccolo D, Castoria G, DiDomenico M, Bilancio A, Lombardi M, Gong W, Beato M, Auricchio F (1998) Activation of the Src/p21(ras)/Erk pathway by progesterone receptor via cross-talk with estrogen receptor. EMBO J 17 2008... 

Waring DW, Turgeon JL (1992) A pathway for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone self-potentiation cross-talk with the progesterone receptor. Endocrinology 130 3275-3282... 

Figure 19.8 A brief summary of the pathways for formation and secretion of oestradiol and progesterone within the cells of the follicle. Cholesterol is taken up by thecal cells in a complex with low density lipoprotein. In the thecal cells, cholesterol is converted to testosterone which is released to be taken up by granulosa cells where it is converted into oestradiol. For synthesis of progesterone in the granulosa cells, cholesterol is synthesised de novo within the cells from acetyl-CoA. In the follicle the enzyme aromatase, which produces the aromab c ring in the female sex hormones, is restricted to the granulosa cells. The reacrions that are stimulated by LH and FSH increase synthesis and, therefore, secretion of testosterone and increased synthesis of oestrogens and progesterone.

Pregnenolone leaves the mitochondria to become the obligatory precursor of corticosteroids and adrenal androgens. The biosynthetic pathway next branches into two separate routes. One route passes through progesterone and corticosterone to aldosterone, and the other... 

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