Profile empirical

It was found that the rigorously computed hquid temperature profiles could be satisfactorily represented as a function of hquid concentration by the empirical equation... 

This involves knowledge of chemistry, by the factors distinguishing the micro-kinetics of chemical reactions and macro-kinetics used to describe the physical transport phenomena. The complexity of the chemical system and insufficient knowledge of the details requires that reactions are lumped, and kinetics expressed with the aid of empirical rate constants. Physical effects in chemical reactors are difficult to eliminate from the chemical rate processes. Non-uniformities in the velocity, and temperature profiles, with interphase, intraparticle heat, and mass transfer tend to distort the kinetic data. These make the analyses and scale-up of a reactor more difficult. Reaction rate data obtained from laboratory studies without a proper account of the physical effects can produce erroneous rate expressions. Here, chemical reactor flow models using matliematical expressions show how physical... 

When the Reynolds number is under 2000, it is shown empirically that the flow in a smooth tube is laminar. This flow has a parabolic velocity profile, as shown in Fig. 4.3. 

FIGURE 1.13 The van der Waals interaction energy profile as a fnnction of the distance, r, between the centers of two atoms. The energy was calcnlated nsing the empirical equation U= B/r — A/r. (Values for the parameters B = 11.5 X 10 kJnm /mol and A = 5.96 X 10 kJnmVtiiol for the interaction between two carbon atoms are from Levitt, M., Journal of Molecular Biology... 

The textural characterisation of the jellies was made by using the empirical technique of Texture-Profile Analysis (TPA) that allows the evaluation of the following parameters fracturability, hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness. 

Texture profile analysis is an empirical technique of double-penetration that simulates two bites of the jaw action. Data obtained from the Force-time plots enable the evaluation of seven texture parameters (Figure 1). 

To simulate the empirical concentration profiles, an appropriate mass-transfer model has to be used. One of the simplest models is the model based on the equilibrium-dispersive model, frequently used in column chromatography [1]. It can be given by the following equation ... 

The area required for processing A = Qo — QVJ, where Qo Q is the perrneate volumetric flow, can be estimated by using the approximation / = 0.33/initiai + 0.67/finai (Cheryan, Ultrafiltration Handbook, Technomic, Lancaster, Pa., 1986) and a suitable flux model. An appropriate model relating flux to crossflow, concentration, and pressure is then applied. Pressure profiles along the retentate channel are empirically correlated with flow for spacer-filled channels to obtain A = APfQ/AT. 

The choice of an antibiotic agent for acute bacterial conjunctivitis is largely empiric. The initial treatment needs to include Staphylococcus coverage, but also may be chosen on the basis of cost and side-effect profile.13,14 In general, ointments are a good dosage form for children. Adults prefer drops because they do not interfere with vision.14... 

EMBL profile neural network (PHD) Empirical statistical method... 

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