Processing of Secondary Residues

Depending on the smelting process used there can be limits to the acceptable proportion of feed represented by such residues. For the sinter plant-blast furnace combination the input of sulfate residues is commonly limited to around 25 per cent of net new feed. The decomposition of lead sulfate is endothermic and can limit the attainment of peak bed temperatures in the sinter plant, affecting the quality of sinter produced, which is critical to blast furnace performance. This is discussed in detail in Chapter 4. Many of the direct smelting processes covered in Chapter 7 are more able to cope with residue feeds, particularly the Kivcet and Kaldo processes. 

Secondary lead smelting at East Penn Manufacturing Co Inc, in Proceedings EPD Congress 1993, pp 943-957. 

Reynolds, R M, Hudson, E K and Olper, M, 1990. Advances in lead acid battery recycling Engitec s automated CX Breaker system, in Proceedings Lead-Zinc 90 Symposium, Anaheim, pp 1001-1022 (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) Warrendale). 

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