Large-scale processes

The ratio of reactants had to be controlled very closely to suppress these impurities. Recovery of the acrylamide product from the acid process was the most expensive and difficult part of the process. Large scale production depended on two different methods. If soHd crystalline monomer was desired, the acrylamide sulfate was neutralized with ammonia to yield ammonium sulfate. The acrylamide crystallized on cooling, leaving ammonium sulfate, which had to be disposed of in some way. The second method of purification involved ion exclusion (68), which utilized a sulfonic acid ion-exchange resin and produced a dilute solution of acrylamide in water. A dilute sulfuric acid waste stream was again produced, and, in either case, the waste stream represented a... 

Application To produce low-density polyethylene (LDPE) homopolymers and EVA copolymers using the high-pressure free radical process. Large-scale tubular reactors with a capacity in the range of 130-400 Mtpy, as well as stirred autoclave reactors with capacity around 100 Mtpy can be used. 

New Directions in Academic Research. The future of academic research on polymer-supported catalysts and reagents may depend on the success of currently available species in industrial processes. Large scale successes would encourage many more chemists to employ polymer-supported species routinely in the laboratory and to invent new polymeric catalysts and reagents. 

To reduce costs of distribution and of the prices of the products acquired, and get advantages in the negotiation process (large-scale)... 

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